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Chapter 7 - Drugs

Chapter 7 - Drugs. Drug – natural or synthetic, affects humans psychologically or physiologically When taken for pleasure, they are known as “drugs of abuse” or “illicit drugs”. Drugs and Crime. All drugs covered by law are “controlled”. Controlled Substances Act. Dependency Theft Violence

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Chapter 7 - Drugs

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  1. Chapter 7 - Drugs

  2. Drug – natural or synthetic, affects humans psychologically or physiologically • When taken for pleasure, they are known as “drugs of abuse” or “illicit drugs” Drugs and Crime

  3. All drugs covered by law are “controlled” Controlled Substances Act

  4. Dependency • Theft • Violence • Robberies • Domestic disputes • Health problems • Loss of productivity The Problem with Drugs

  5. Drug use costs society about $110 billion a year • 75% male adults arrested in NY City for violent crimes tested positive for drugs • 64% in Albuquerque and Fort Lauderdale • ¼ to ½ of all domestic violence is drug related • 81% of child neglect cases were associated with drugs • 3.2 % (80,000) of pregnant women are drug users Interesting Facts

  6. 75% of evidence examined is drug related • Pharmaceutical companies send samples to the FBI for each new drug Drugs in the Crime Lab

  7. Schedule I • No accepted medical use and high abuse potential • Hashish, marijuana, GHB, peyote • Schedule II • High abuse potential with severe psychic or physical dependence liability • Narcotic, stimulant, depressants • Scripts typewritten or in ink, no renewals • PCP (can be used to reduce blood pressure) 5 Categories of Controlled Drugs

  8. Schedule III • Less abuse potential, narcotic and non-narcotic • Scripts may be oral or written • Up to 5 renewals per 6 months • Anabolic steroids • Schedule IV • Less abuse potential • Scripts may be oral or written, up to 5 renewals per 6 months • Rohypnol • Schedule V • Less abuse potential • Scripts may not be required • Antidiarrheals 5 Categories of Drugs

  9. Hallucinogens • Most widely used is marijuana • “hash oil” can have 50% of the active ingredient • Slows reactions, impairs coordination, reduces the ability to concentrate • LSD (ergot alkaloids) visual and auditory hallucinations • Blotter acid, microdots, window panes • Teratogen • Causes psychosis and flashbacks Classification of Illicit Drugs

  10. PCP • Insensitivity to pain, feelings of superstrength, rage, memory loss, paranoia • Often mixed with marijuana or LSD (angel dust) • MDMA • Ecstasy • Stimulates and causes hallucinations • Confusion, depression, paranoia, anxiety • Ketamine (special K) • Animal tranquilizer • Raves • Delirium, amnesia

  11. Stimulants • Increases energy and suppresses appetite • Restlessness and anxiety then depression • Caffeine to methamphetamines and cocaine • Narcotics • Analgesics • Opium, morphine, codeine, Tylenol, fentanyl (China White), Methadone

  12. Depressants • Ethyl alcohol • Barbiturates (Nembutal), Valium • Highly addictive

  13. Physicians Desk Reference (PDR) • Illustrated dictionary of medicines and drugs • Updated each year

  14. Gas, paper, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) • UV and infrared spectrophotometry • Mass spectrometry • Spot tests • Qualitative analysis Tests

  15. May get false positives • Gives a certain color if a drug is present • Must use another test to confirm Spot Tests

  16. Duquenois-Levine test • Turns purple when marijuana is present • Presumptive test (spot test) Presumptive Test

  17. Infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry Confirmatory Test

  18. Cocaine IR Spec

  19. Aspirin IR Spec

  20. Now, look on pg. 155 and answer question on p. 156

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