1 / 37

Eastern Absolutism

Explore the rise of Eastern Absolutism with Prussia's Hohenzollern dynasty and Peter the Great's transformative reign in Russia. Discover their military innovations, political strategies, and impact on European history.

cdrennon
Download Presentation

Eastern Absolutism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Eastern Absolutism

  2. PRUSSIA

  3. Frederick William "The Great Elector" Controlled Nobility • 1653 – Convinced Junkers to grant him the money to build an army • In exchange Junkers maintained power over the peasantry - Feudalism

  4. Frederick William "The Great Elector" Established Military • Created a permanent standing army • Junkers = Officers • Peasants = Soldiers • This was the 1st modern civil service

  5. Frederick William "The Great Elector" Other Policies • Increased taxes to the equivalent of France (had to pay for military) • Religious Toleration – welcomed 20,000 Huguenots, Polish Jews and other refugees

  6. Frederick I • Took the title of King of Prussia • Establishing the power of the Hohenzollern family in Europe • Modeled himself after Louis XIV

  7. Frederick William I "Sergeant King" • Continued policies of his Grandfather – centralization • Turned Royal Gardens into a military training ground • Increased army from 39,000 – 80,000 • All young men HAD TO register for military service • Created the 1st Military reserves

  8. “What distinguishes the Prussians from other people is that theirs is not a country with an army. They have an army and a country that serves it.”

  9. RUSSIA

  10. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 ROAD TO POWER • Youngest son of Tsar Alexis –he was a child from Alexis’ second wife • Alexis had 3 children with his 1st wife • Feodor – an invalid • Sophia • Ivan –a semiimbecile

  11. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • 1676 – Alexis died and Feodor became Tsar • 1682 – sickly Feodor died and Peter’s mother campaigns to have him made Tsar over Ivan

  12. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • Peter is made Tsar at 10 years old • Ivan’s Family instigates a coup d’etat • Peter watched as his supporters and family were thrown from the Red Stairs of the Faceted Palace in Moscow onto raised pikes • Coup is successful and Peter is forced to share Tsarship with Ivan • Sophia acts as the regent

  13. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 EARLY TROUBLES • Miserable Peter leaves Moscow and becomes interested in war games • He becomes acquainted with Western strategies and tactics • He establishes a military support base

  14. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • Sophia tries another coup, this time losing to Peter • Peter exiles Sophia to a convent • 6 years later Ivan dies and Peter is left to rule alone

  15. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • 1st Tsar in 100 years to make contact with the West in peacetime • Met with Western Monarchs such as William III of England to establish a mutually beneficial trading relationship • Conducted diplomacy

  16. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • Traveled incognito (in Holland he worked as a ship’s carpenter) • His trip created a desire to Modernize Russian state and to Westernize its society

  17. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 Another Coup • 1698 – Forced to return home when he hears of another rebellion by Sophia • Responds with force – ordering a mass execution of the surviving rebels • Next day he started his program to recreate Russia in the image of the West

  18. Peter hung the bodies of the rebels outside of Sophia’s convent window, and Sophia apparently went mad.

  19. Peter's Westernization Translation: Right Corner: “The barber went to cut off an Old Believer’s beard” Left Corner: “The Old Believer says:” “Listen, barber, I neither want to cut my beard nor shave watch out, or I will call the guards to teach you to behave.”

  20. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 WESTERNIZATION • Military Conscription • Technical schools • Replaced church patriarchy with himself • Simplified the alphabet

  21. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 WESTERNIZATION • Changed Calendar to fit the West • Changed his title from Tsar to Emperor • Moved capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg (a new “modernized” city)

  22. The Original Downtown of St. Petersburg

  23. Peter the Great's Winter Palace Peter used forced peasant labor to build his palace.

  24. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • Conservative Clergy • Nobility • His son Alexis • Sentenced to death by Peter • Died while being tortured

  25. Alexis renounced his right to succession and fled to Austria. Peter thought he fled to get foreign backing and had him arrested and tried for treason. He was sentenced to death. Died from the torture which occurred before the execution could ever take place.

  26. PETER the GREAT r. 1682 - 1725 • Peter died in 1725 • In November 1724 – he leapt into freezing water and worked throughout the night to assist in the rescue of 20 sailors whose ship had been grounded. The resulting fever helped lead to his death in early 1725

  27. AUSTRIA

  28. The Hapsburgs • The Holy Roman Empire • 300+ German States • Austria • Bohemia • Hungary

  29. The Hapsburgs • Major Obstacles in the way of an Absolute Monarchy • Not a nation-state – included too many languages, traditions and nationalities. • Germans • Czechs • Magyars • Slovaks • Croatians • Slovenes • Romanians • Italians • Poles

  30. Leopold I r. 1657 - 1705 • Successfully resisted both Ottoman Empire and King Louis XIV of France • Acquired virtually all of Hungary and imposed his authority over the Magyar aristocracy • Most Magyar nobles had become Protestant during the Reformation. Hapsburg persecution of Hungarian Protestants sparked an insurrection in 1679

  31. Leopold I r. 1657 - 1705 • 1684 – Leopold led a “Holy League” in victory against the Turks • Victory forced the Hungarian Estates to declare that the Hungarian throne would be a hereditary possession of the Hapsburgs – recognizing the sovereignty of the Hapsburg dynasty • Magyar Nobles would continue to be tax exempt

  32. Leopold I r. 1657 - 1705 • Confirmed Austria’s position as one of the great powers of Europe

  33. Charles VI r. 1711 - 1740 • Took throne after Joseph I 1705 – 1711 • War of Spanish Succession – awarded the Spanish Netherlands and Spain’s holdings in Italy • The Pragmatic Sanction – allowed the throne to be passed down to his daughter Maria Theresa

  34. Maria Theresa r. 1740 - 1780 • War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 – she successfully defended her right to inherit the Austrian Hapsburg domains • Created a centralized bureaucracy to control local affairs • Established the state’s control over the administration of the Roman Catholic Church • Husband had the title Holy Roman Emperor

  35. Schoenbrunn Palace • Versailles

  36. Versailles • Schoenbrunn

  37. Schoenbrunn • Versailles

More Related