AARNet 3 The Next Generation of AARNet

1. AARNet3The Next Generation of AARNet Status Report 27 January 2004

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3. AARNet3The Next Generation of AARNet Techs in Paradise 2004 January 2004

4. AARNet3The Next Generation of AARNet

5. Background to AARNet • AARNet Pty Ltd (APL) is a not for profit company owned by 37 Australian Universities and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) • Operates a national network providing commodity and research Internet access to members and clients • Clients include Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO), National Library of Australia, Australian Institute of Marine Science • Current network deployed in 1997, based on ATM mesh between state and territory networks (RNO) • Also operates a STM-1 ring to the USA (Hawai‘i and Seattle) on Southern Cross, primarily for research but some commodity via Pacific Wave • Currently buys commodity access at each RNO from Optus or Telstra

6. Request For Proposal (RFP) Team • Mary Fleming (chair) • Director - Business Development • Don Robertson • Deputy Executive Director • George McLaughlin • Director - International Developments • Steve Maddocks • Director - Operations • Mark Prior • Network Architect

7. RFP Process • Issued RFP on 25 February 2003 • RFP closed on 21 March 2003 • Received 25 responses • Wide variety of responses • Some covered whole of RFP • Some very specialised • RFP Team divided task • Domestic Transmission • International Transmission • Internet Transit • Other issues

8. Design Issues • Redundancy & Resilience • Support for IPv4 and IPv6 • unicast and multicast • Traffic Accounting and Monitoring • End to end performance measures • Support QoS (diffserv) • Support for large traffic flows, jumbo frames

9. Redundancy & Resilience • Dual points of presence (POP) in major capital cities • Diverse, dual unprotected national links • Will use MPLS Fast Reroute for protection • Provides ability to burst above capacity • Use single metro dark fibre pair to connect intra city POP sites • Creates rings between cities • Provides opportunity for members and customers to build diverse, redundant connections to AARNet

10. IPv4 and IPv6 • Native IPv4 and IPv6 (Dual Stack) network • Unicast and Multicast for both IPv4 and IPv6 • EFT IPv6 Multicast (initially intra-domain only) • Line rate performance for IPv4 and IPv6 • Peering to both R&E and Commodity Internet • Hexago IPv6 Migration Broker to aid member and client IPv6 deployment • DNS, AARNet Mirror and USENet News accessible over IPv4 and IPv6 • Jumbo frames, 9000 byte

11. Traffic Accounting and Monitoring • Flow based accounting • Differentiate traffic into classes for billing • Scaling issues require accounting function to be moved to the edge of the network • Use anycast addressing so data supplied to a central collector in an emergency • Centralise reporting to a POP based server • Also provides AARNet with measurement device on network edge to improve performance monitoring

12. Other Issues • End to end performance measures • Desire to measure performance from member site • Provide connectivity reports on core services • Support QoS (diffserv) • Need to support VoIP and VideoIP traffic • Possibly introduce scavenger service • Support for large traffic flows, jumbo frames

13. Australian Network

14. 10Gbps Backbone • Provided on the “Nextgen Networks” network • Two fibre pairs on each path • STM-64 service provided on first pair for inter capital trunks • Second pair may be lit with CWDM to allow Gigabit Ethernet drop off to regional members, other solutions to be considered • Member must provide tail to the regional network

15. Additional National Network Links • Need to provision a diverse East/West path, (Melbourne/Adelaide/Perth), at least STM-4 • Connectivity to Tasmania and the Northern Territory required • STM-1 (155Mbps) Melbourne to Hobart • E3 (34Mbps) Adelaide to Darwin via Alice Springs† † Subject to supplemental funding support

16. Trans Pacific Transmission • “SX TransPORT” - Dual STM-64 (10Gbps) • Hawai‘i - Manoa and Seattle (Abilene, CA*net 4) • Los Angeles (Abilene, CENIC, CUDI) • Look to add Mauna Kea to Los Angeles path later • Dual STM-4 (622Mbps) for commodity Internet • PAIX Palo Alto (Silicon Valley) • Los Angeles • Add drop offs to existing STM-1’s (155Mbps) • University of South Pacific, Fiji • Possibly Auckland, New Zealand • Connects to 155Mbps path to Tokyo from Hawai‘i

17. AARNet’s Pacific Ocean links

18. Services • DNS Cache and Secondary Servers • Usenet News • Hexago IPv6 Migration Broker • DDoS Detection and Mitigation • Investigate appliances • Interest in automatic detection and filtering • Locate next to transit (and peering) links • AARNet Mirror • VoIP Gateways • NLANR and/or RIPE Test Traffic Measurement

19. Connections through the GigaPOPs

20. National Rings • Inter city trunks • Single, unprotected SDH circuit between backbone class routers • Intra city trunks • 10 Gigabit Ethernet connection between backbone class switches • Backbone router and switch within a GigaPOP connected using 10 Gigabit Ethernet

21. AARNet GigaPOP Requirements • Available for equipment and service installation in January 2004 • Space for 4 consecutive 600x1000 45RU racks • Individually locked suite of racks or located in private, locked caged area • False floor with underfloor air-conditioning • VESDA • Fire suppression systems, such as FM-200 or Inergen • Dual, redundant AC power feeds to each rack • Backup AC power, with uninterrupted transition from mains to generator • Air-conditioning available on backup power • 24x7 secure access • 24x7 “remote hands” for basic hardware changes • 2 PSTN lines • Unencumbered access provided for any APL nominated carrier • Access provided for other AARNet clients to install suitable communications equipment • Accessible via multiple carriers over diverse paths

22. Intra city POP Requirements • Power supply diversity, each POP fed by different sub stations • Availability of diverse fibre paths between POP sites • Physical separation of at least 2km but no more than 20km

23. Member Connections • Diverse connection to each POP • Two diverse, independent links, one to each POP • Dual connection connecting each POP • Two links over same infrastructure to single POP • AARNet trunks one link to the second POP though switches • AARNet provided diversity • Single link to one POP, AARNet provides LAN linking both AARNet POP sites and the member

24. Member Connections • At least one AARNet supplied and managed edge router • No firewall functionality, a member responsibility • Member provides “last mile” link between institution and POP site • What technology will the members need? • Gigabit Ethernet over metro fibre is preferred • Managed Ethernet service • E3 Microwave • Will members dual home to both POP sites?

25. Equipment • Core Router • 40Gbps capable • Redundant power but not CPU • Packet over SDH to STM-64 (roadmap to STM-256) • Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet • Core Switch • Pure L2 switching • Fast, Gigabit and 10 Gigabit Ethernet only • Member Edge and POP based “Legacy” routers • 3 x Gigabit Ethernet (Member, POP “A”, POP “B”) • 1 x Fast Ethernet dedicated to flow accounting • Capability to handle legacy (slow) interfaces

26. Backbone Routers - Procket 8812 • 22RU (95.3 x 44.2 x 64.8 cm) • 12 Line Cards • 48 Media Adapters (MA) • Route Processor • Procket developed System Control Chip • 500MHz IBM Power PC • 2GB main memory • 512MB Compact Flash (system program storage with redundant images) • 20GB Hard Disk Drive (system log files) • 960Gbps 1.2Bpps • 1 Port STM-64 MA • 1 Port 10Gigabit Ethernet MA • 10 Port Gigabit Ethernet MA • 8 Port STM-1/STM-4 MA

27. Core Backbone Switches - Cisco 6509 • 20 RU (84.4 X 43.7 x 46.0 cm) • 9 Slot Chassis • Supervisor 720 • 720 Gbps • 30Mpps Centralized, up to 400 Mpps for CEF720 interface modules equipped with dCEF (DFC3) or aCEF daughter cards • 4 port 10 Gigabit Ethernet • 48 port 10/100/1000 UTP based Ethernet • 24 port SFP Gigabit Ethernet • Potential for service modules later

28. Edge Routers - Cisco 7304 • 4-RU (10cm) compact chassis • 4-slot modular system • Network Equipment Building Standards (NEBS) Level 3 compliance • NPE-G100 Processor • Three onboard Gigabit Ethernet ports • 1 GB of Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) • 256 MB of removable Compact Flash memory • Better than 1 mpps processing performance • Redundant power supplies • Front-to-back airflow for optimal cooling

29. Current Status (1) • National Transmission • Confirmation of POP sites • Testing STM-64 circuits • Build new GigaPOP sites • Obtain fibre between GigaPOPs and COs • Solution for Tasmania and Northern Territory • International Transmission • Planning progressing with US partner organisations on connecting “SX TransPORT” • STM-4 to Palo Alto should be enabled during February • Direct Asian links dependant on available funds and member demand

30. Current Status (2) • Commodity Internet Transit • Access Commodity Internet in Palo Alto • Connected to the PAIX fabric • Obtain transit from MCI/UUnet and NTT/Verio • Peer with other organisations at PAIX • Add second commodity POP in Los Angeles • Need to determine • data centre location • backhaul from Morro Bay (San Luis Obispo) • Will use the same transit providers as at Palo Alto

31. Current Status (3) • Peering • Developing national and local (state) policies • A consideration for POP site location • Regional links • Investigate CWDM options • Possibly issue another RFP • Priorities are: • inland Sydney/Brisbane via the telescopes • coastal Sydney/Brisbane route • Sydney to Albury

32. IPv6 Migration Broker (1) • What… • Hexago IPv6 Migration Broker • Tunnel Broker used by FreeNet6 • User setup for 6in4 tunnels, via web form • Can be used just for end systems • But can also assign prefix for local LAN • No routing functionality, static routing only • Open access but targeted to “local” community, not just AARNet members & clients

33. IPv6 Migration Broker (2) • Why? • Members & clients are not ready to fully deploy IPv6 across their network but some interest within their organisation • Some common firewalls, eg PIX, don’t support IPv6 • Tunnel allows traversal of firewalls • But doesn’t provide firewall function unless end point can do it

34. IPv6 Migration Broker (3) • Experience… • Most configure account but don’t configure tunnel • Some setup tunnel but for whatever reason only use it for a short time… • Perhaps just looking at the Kame :-) • Maybe forgot to add to startup • Small number of users permanent fixture

35. Transition Plan (1) • Next traffic peak in March/April 2004 • New network won’t be in place so an interim plan is required to supplement existing network • Build (UTS) Sydney GigaPOP • Enable STM-4 commodity link to Palo Alto • If necessary migrate existing ATM STM-1’s to a new 7304 • Connect 7304, Grangenet and Sydney Basin to the GigaPOP

36. Transition Plan (2)

37. Transition Plan (3) • Add additional commodity capacity via Optus Gigabit Ethernet solution in Melbourne and Brisbane • Add Optus Gigabit Ethernet interface in Canberra, migrate AARNet Mirror to this dedicated interface • Maximise ATM capacity in Adelaide • Use Amnet for commodity in Perth and divert Adelaide commodity traffic to Perth if absolutely necessary • No changes necessary for Darwin and Hobart

38. Deployment Summary (1) • Build GigaPOP at UTS • Connect UTS to PAIX for commodity Internet • Build second Sydney GigaPOP at Nextgen Networks (NXG) and link to UTS GigaPOP • Build NXG Melbourne GigaPOP • Link NXG GigaPOP’s in Sydney & Melbourne • Link NXG Melbourne to 7304 in UniMelb, Thomas Cherry • Build Canberra GigaPOP at TransACT • Link TransACT to UTS GigaPOP

39. Deployment Summary (2) • Build GigaPOP at QUT and link to UTS GigaPOP • Build GigaPOP at 10 Pulteney Street, Adelaide and link to NXG Melbourne • Build GigaPOP at RBA Building, Perth and link to 10 Pulteney Street • Build and link remaining GigaPOPs • UQ Prentice Centre • ANU • University of Melbourne • Hostworks • CSIRO ARRC

40. Deployment Plan (Sydney) • Ensure fibre capacity between UTS and NXG for 10Gigabit Ethernet link • Build first AARNet3 GigaPOP at UTS • Connect existing Grangenet and Sydney Basin routers, via new backbone switch, to the GigaPOP • If necessary retire NSW RNO 7500 and move Optus ATM services to “legacy” router • Build connection to Nextgen Networks Customer Connection Network (Nextgen CCN) for connectivity to Nextgen Networks based interstate capacity • Acquire fibre for NXG to Brookvale (SCCN) links

41. Deployment Plan (Melbourne) • Deploy “legacy” router in Thomas Cherry building of University of Melbourne to replace the VRNO 7500 • Acquire additional Optus Gigabit Ethernet based commodity capacity • Build new GigaPOP sites • Nextgen Networks - West Melbourne • Law Faculty building, University of Melbourne • Acquire fibre between UniMelb and the Nextgen Networks CO • Attempt to provide connectivity to Sydney via Nextgen Networks ASAP

42. Deployment Plan (Canberra) • Build GigaPOP at TransACT • Replace CARNO 7500 with 7304 • Provide connection from 7304 at ANU to backbone router at TransACT GigaPOP • Connect TransACT GigaPOP to Sydney UTS GigaPOP

43. Deployment Plan (Brisbane) • Acquire supplemental commodity via Optus Gigabit Ethernet service • Acquire transmission from both POP sites (UQ and QUT) to Nextgen Networks CO • Depending on which site has transmission to Nextgen Networks site first then build first GigaPOP there and connect it to the UTS GigaPOP

44. Deployment Plan (Adelaide) • New GigaPOP needs to be built at 10 Pulteney Street (University of Adelaide, ITS) • Acquire diverse backhaul from Nextgen Networks site to 10 Pulteney Street to handle Adelaide/Melbourne and Adelaide/Perth circuits • Build/acquire intra-POP link to new Hostworks GigaPOP • Install link between GigaPOP at 10 Pulteney Street and existing SAARDNet router in Plaza building • Migrate existing member and client Ethernet services to new equipment

45. Deployment Plan (Perth) • Build AARNet3 GigaPOP at the RBA building • Connect existing RBA based PARNet router to new GigaPOP • Build connection from GigaPOP into Nextgen CCN so as to provide connection to STM-64 circuit to Adelaide • Build second GigaPOP at ARRC and connect to first via 10Gigabit Ethernet across existing fibre

46. Deployment Plan (Services) • Deploy first DNS cache in Sydney ASAP • Deploy USENET news system, possibly, in PAIX • Deploy additional DNS cache systems and secondary DNS servers as GigaPOP’s are linked • Migrate IPv6 Migration Broker to new network

47. Indicative timeframe • Commodity link - PAIX to UTS - February 04 • Intra Sydney link - March 04 • MEL/SYD link - March 04 • CBR/SYD link - April 04† • BNE/SYD #1 link - May 04† • MEL/ADL/PER #1 link - May 04† • “SX TransPORT” - June 04 • Commodity link - LA to SYD #2 - June 04 † Dependent on POP site readiness and suitable CO/POP links

48. Further Discussion

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