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Comprehensive Analysis of 741 Op-Amp Circuits for Engineering Students

This guide provides a detailed breakdown of the 741 op-amp, covering biasing currents, input and output stages, short circuit protection, and DC analysis. Explore the circuit components, simulation, and practical applications in engineering projects.

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Comprehensive Analysis of 741 Op-Amp Circuits for Engineering Students

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  1. The 741 opAmp DC and Small Signal Analysis Jeremy Andrus For Engineering 332 May 15, 2002 Prof. Ribeiro

  2. Overview: Five Parts of the 741 • Biasing Currents • Input Stage • Second Stage • Output Stage • Short Circuit Protection

  3. Overview: 741 Schematic

  4. Biasing Current Sources • Generates the reference bias current through R5

  5. Biasing Current Sources:DC Analysis • The opAmp reference current is given by: • For Vcc=Vee=15V and VBE11=VBE12=0.7V, we have IREF=0.73mA

  6. Input Stage • The differential pair, Q1 and Q2 provide the main input • Transistors Q5-Q7 provide an active load for the input

  7. Input Stage:DC Analysis - 1 • Assuming that Q10 and Q11 are matched, we can write the equation from the Widlar current source: • Using trial and error, we can solve for IC10, and we get: IC10=19A

  8. Input Stage:DC Analysis -2 • From symmetry we see that IC1=IC2=I, and if the npn is large, then IE3=IE4=I • Analysis continues:

  9. Input Stage:DC Analysis -3 • Analysis of the active load:

  10. Second (Intermediate) Stage • Transistor Q16 acts as an emitter-follower giving this stage a high input resistance • Capacitor Cc provides frequency compensation using the Miller compensation technique

  11. Second Stage:DC Analysis • Neglecting the base current of Q23, IC17 is equal to the current supplied by Q13b • IC13b=0.75IREF where bP >> 1 • Thus: IC13b=550uA=IC17 • Then we can also write:

  12. Output Stage • Provides the opAmp with a low output resistance • Class AB output stage provides fairly high current load capabilities without hindering power dissipation in the IC

  13. Output Stage:DC Analysis • Q13a delivers a current of 0.25IREF, so we can say: IC23=IE23=0.25IREF=180mA • Assuming VBE18 = 0.6V, then IR10=15mA, IE18=180-15=165mA and IC18=IE18=165mA • IC19=IE19=IB18+IR10=15.8mA

  14. Short Circuit Protection • These transistors are normally off • They only conduct in the event that a large current is drawn from the output terminal (i.e. a short circuit)

  15. DC Analysis Summary

  16. 741 opAmp Simulation: Schematic

  17. 741 opAmp Simulation: Input

  18. 741 opAmp Simulation: Output

  19. Conclusions • The 741 is a versatile opAmp that can be used in a multitude of different ways • When you break it down into the different components, it’s operation is actually understandable and comprehendible

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