Cancer Research

1. Cancer Research Sukhjeetbains Melissa Sylvester Wendy carpio Adriana monterroza

2. Central Nervous System Leukemia • Central Nervous system therapy is used to prevent possible relapses at the CNS site in ALL • Advancements made in ALL are a result of this • Continues to be an obstacle because of late complications that can arise from the various treatment methods • Cranial irradiation, intrathecal therapy (methotrexate) and systemic therapy

3. Methotrexate • Most commonly used drug for intrathecal CNS therapy • Directly medicates fluid filled area that surrounds the brain and spinal cord • Increases pain relief in children • This affects the role of fatty acids – palmitic and stearic acid • CSF samples were collected from 12 females and 14 males during treatment and at initial diagnosis. • Increase of monounsaturation to saturation, which is negatively correlated with neurological problems.

4. Continued Associated with testicular relapse and increased frequencies of leukemic cells in the bone marrow – can result in CNS toxicity, which manifests as a progressive decline in cognitive abilities • The role and result of cranial irradiation – similarities. • Several studies suggest that methotrexate has a negative long-term effect on a child’s educational capabilities, so what then is the effective treatment method?

5. Epigenetic drugs

6. Use epigenetic therapy to remove cancer completely from the body without harming normal cells Helps many live longer lives than expected with the help of DNA methyltransferase and histone acetylation shutting down cancer cells Study on rats reversing cancer cells

7. Why? • Need more research and experimenting on having DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylation more effective • Find the exact target we need to infect in order for most or all cancer cells to go through programed cell death • Make a drug that will affect the desired product • Find more information about the topic

8. The Role of Tamoxifen

9. Even with the benefits that have been achieved from recent methods of detection and treating breast cancer, there remains a need for more effective drug administration • The focus of the research • Examine new therapeutic modalities • Methods for overcoming drug resistant

10. The aim of the research • Effectiveness to prevent invasive breast cancer • Reduction of mortality to the disease in women at increased risk • Evaluation of tamoxifen toxicity and side effects • Effectiveness for prevention of breast cancer among women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

11. MicroRNA Replacement Therapy May Stop Cancer In Its Tracks  A new study suggests that delivering small RNAs, known as microRNAs, to cancer cells could help to stop the disease in its tracks. MicroRNAs control gene expression and are commonly lost in cancerous tumors.

12. Researchers have shown that replacement of a single microRNA in mice with an extremely aggressive form of liver cancer can be enough to halt their disease. "This work suggests that microRNA replacement may be a highly effective and nontoxic treatment strategy for some cancers or even other diseases," says Josh Mendell, M.D., Ph.D., an associate professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

15. Since different studies have been able to demonstrate such therapeutic benefit in this extremely aggressive model of liver cancer, we are hopeful that similar strategies using miRNAs will be effective for patients with this disease or other types of cancer