1 / 12

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships. Remember cellular levels of organization? Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Environments have levels of organization too: Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome. Observations

chung
Download Presentation

13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 13.1 Ecologists Study Relationships • Remember cellular levels of organization? • Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism • Environments have levels of organization too: • Organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome

  2. Observations • Remember: QuaLitative and QuaNtitative Data • Short-term or Long-term studies (Darwin!!!) • Visual Surveys: direct (scope) or indirect (footprints) • Experimentation- direct study of organisms • Lab: more control, less complex results • Field: more accurate results (not always cause/effect) • Modeling • Computer/math-based • Uses lots of data to make predictions • Quick lab/estimations

  3. 13.2 Biotic and Abiotic Factors • Biotic- living • Abiotic- “a”=not, nonliving Match the following environmental factors as biotic or abiotic: Rock Oxygen Salinity Sponge Fern Mulch Shark Squirrel Lilly Sunflower Sand Panther Water Mangrove Tree Apple

  4. keystone • Biodiversity • Variety of life in an ecosystem • Why do we care? __________________________ • Keystone Species • Keystone holds up an arch • Species has great effect on/in ecosystem • Why do we care? __________________________ • (Multimedia activity)WebQuest: Keystone species • Use the information you’ve learned to predict what would happen if sea otters went extinct.

  5. 13.3 Energy in Ecosystems • Producers = Autotrophs (make own food) • Remember photosynthesis?? • Also chemosynthesis: use chemical instead of sun • Consumers = Heterotrophs (must eat something else) • Herbivores- eats plants (herba= vegetation) • Omnivores- eats plants and animals (omna = all) • Carnivores- eats animals (carnus = flesh) • Detritivores- eats dead organic matter • Decomposers-break down organic matter

  6. (Animation/simulations: visual concepts- 13.3) • 2 facts from each visual you watch

  7. 13.4 Food Chains and Food Webs • Hey don’t write this first note you already did • Consumers = Heterotrophs (must eat something else) • Herbivores- eats plants (herba = vegetation) • Omnivores- eats plants and animals (omna = all) • Carnivores- eats animals (carnus = flesh) • Detritivores- eats dead organic matter • Decomposers-break down organic matter • Food chains show energy flow • Food webs show complex feeding relationships • Specialist- specific food type (1 or few organisms) • Generalists- eat variety of foods in diet

  8. Trophic Levels • Primary: autotrophs/producers • Secondary: herbivores • Tertiary: omnivores and carnivores • Online: Animation- Build a food web (sketch web)

  9. 13.5 Cycling of Matter • Attach bunches of those little pictures  • Next to each picture we are going to write how elements enter/exit the system • Hydrologic Cycle • Enter: evaporation (bodies of water), transpiration • Exit: condensation/precipitation, used plants/animals • Biogeochemical Cycle • How elements are cycled through biotic and abiotic parts of environment

  10. Oxygen Cycle • Enter: autotrophs from photo-/chemo-synthesis • Exit: used by humans or in soil as nutrients • Carbon Cycle: • Enter: CO2 (atm), HCO3 (in water), fossil fuels/in ground, oil, natural gas, rocks, dead organic matter • Exit: burning fossil fuels, plants, evaporation • Nitrogen Cycle: • Enter: bacteria, atmosphere, decomposing plants • Exit: animals, plants • Phosphorous Cycle: • Enter: geologic movements, decomposition • Exit: leaching, weathering, sedimentation

  11. energy lost energy transferred 13.6 Pyramid Models • Energy pyramid- E used by producers/consumers • Biomass- total dry mass of all organisms in area • Each tier loses 90% of E = ONLY 10% of E is transferred from each trophic level!!!

  12. 5 tertiary consumers tertiary consumers 75 g/m2 secondary consumers 5000 150g/m2 secondary consumers primary consumers 500,000 primary consumers 675g/m2 producers 5,000,000 producers 5,000,000 2000g/m2 2000g/m2 producers producers • Biomass pyramid • Dry mass of tropic levels • Mass of comsumers needed to support levels above them • Pyramid of Numbers • Numbers of individuals • Vast #’s of producers are needed to support even just a few tertiary consumers • Animations: Visual concepts 13.6 (2)

More Related