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Animal Behavior

Animal Behavior. http://www.flickr.com/photos/fpat/3375999258/. Behavior - any action that can be observed and described. Some are innate, while others are learned. Ethology - the scientific study of animal behavior. Kinesis and Taxis are 2 major animal responses to stimuli.

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Animal Behavior

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  1. Animal Behavior http://www.flickr.com/photos/fpat/3375999258/

  2. Behavior - any action that can be observed and described. Some are innate, while others are learned. Ethology - the scientific study of animal behavior

  3. Kinesis and Taxis are 2 major animal responses to stimuli Kinesis: non-directional movement in response to a stimulus Taxis: directional movement in response to a stimulus (toward or away)

  4. Types of Taxis • Gravitaxis • Ex: Fruit flies will always move against gravity • Thermotaxis • Ex: Slime molds move along temperature gradient to stay in soil of appropriate temperatures • Phototaxis • Ex: cockroaches move away from light • Chemotaxis • Ex: Ants follow trail left by other ants

  5. Thigmonasty is a type of Thigmotaxis http://ticklemeplant.com/ ( Mimosa pudica)

  6. Why do behaviors exist? Studies of animal behavior often focuses on what behaviors are genetically based and what is learned (Nature vs. Nurture)

  7. Nature vs. Nurture • Twin studies • -Look at characteristics of twins raised apart • -Many share common preferences in food, activity patterns and mate selection • Hog Nose Snake • -Natural defense to spit at predators and then turn over and ooze secretion that smells like rotting flesh

  8. Serial Killer, Ted Bundy Is a serial killer born that way?

  9. Some human instincts….

  10. Learned Behaviors: change in behavior as a result of experience Imprinting Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Habituation Observations Insight

  11. Learning during Critical Period Imprinting - bond that forms between adults and offspring

  12. Classical Conditioning (Pavlov's Dogs)

  13. OPERANT CONDITIONING Involves "training" a behavior using a reward or punishment system. Skinner Box

  14. Crow Vending Machine??

  15. Habituation: same stimuli over and over, so you learn to ignore it • Hamster stops responding to cage every time you tap on bars • Turtle stops drawing its head in every time you tap its shell • Boy who cried wolf

  16. Observational learning: watching another organism and mimicking its behavior https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-LTWFnGmeg

  17. Insight Learning: trial-and-error learning If you are given materials, can you build what you need to achieve the desired result?

  18. Sociobiology and Animal BehaviorAltruism vs.Self Interest  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icaGIeOY9gc

  19. What is the advantage of being helpful?

  20. Chimp vs Human vs Dog

  21. Mating Behavior Sexual Selection – increases an animal’s ability to mate and produce offspring Expressed in 3 ways: 1. Male competition - males will compete for access to females, leads to dominance hierarchies and territoriality  2. Female Choice: females invest more in offspring by being choosier about their mate’s genes 3. Sexual dimorphism: as a result of female choice, traits in males become exaggerated

  22. Animal Communication • Chemical (pheromones) • Auditory • Visual • Tactile (touch) • Humans aren’t the only animals with a “language”! • Waggle Dance

  23. Environmental cues and cycles that regulate behavior • Hibernation: period of inactivity and metabolic depression, usually in cooler weather • Estivation: period of inactivity in hot temperatures, to avoid dessication • Migration: Long distance, seasonal movement, usually for reproductive purposes Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLoXDFDeD9E

  24. Physiological responses often synchronize with environmental cycles • Hibernation/Estivation tend to synchronize with seasons and weather • Visual displays for reproduction tend to occur in the later summer and early fall, so that gestation occurs through harshest part of year • Circadian Rhythms, a 24-hour cycle, is present in all eukaryotes

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