DRUG UNIT

1. DRUG UNIT

2. DRUG PROJECT • Develop a lesson on a particular drug • Information must be as thorough as possible • Must include: • Written outline – typed • Bibliography – minimum 4 sources • 2 sources must be from something other than the internet - NO WIKIPEDIA • Written outline - must be typed (the report needs to be labeled clear, ex./ brain chemistry and then information) • Oral Presentation • Outline needed for the class (handout) • Information – MUST BE DETAILED!!!!!!!!!!!!! • History- origin • Definitions and terms (can include current events, newspaper incidents, new findings, real or not real stories) • Effects of the drug on the body (what it does) • Uses and abuses / medical – past and present • Addiction (physical-psychological etc…), • Withdraw • Drug interaction (what occurs if combined with other drugs), • ***BRAIN CHEMISRTY (how does it change the brain) • Schedule of drug and punishment of law • Visual – power point with graphics, video clips ect…..something to bring interest to the presentation • 5 test questions with answers

3. TOPIC CHOICES • Marijuana • Crystal Meth • Heroin/Morphine • Tobacco • Cocaine/Crack • Prescription/OTC Drugs ( Valium, oxycodone, pain relievers, sedatives) • Ritalin and Stimulants • Alcohol /Depressants/Oxycontin • OTC Drugs (Coricidin, Robotussin, Caffeine, Inhalants…) • Hallucinogens, LSD/PCP (Last Choice)

4. OTC DefinitionsDefine each term for homework • Drug • Penicillin • Sulfa Drug • Antisera • Vasodilators • Medicine • Tetracycline • Vaccine • Digitalis • Antiarrythmics • Antibiotic • Topical Antibiotic • Antibody • Diuretics • Preventive Agents

5. Chapter 23 Drugs as Medicines • How have drugs significantly affected the lives of Americans? • Drugs make our world a better place. • Today is a time for QUICK CURES. • A pill or potion remedy exists for every conceivable ache or pain.

6. The Role of Medicines • Drug • Any substance , other than food , that when taken into the body alters the structure or function of the body in some way. • Medicines • Kind of drug that is taken into or applied to the body to prevent or cure a disease or disabling condition.

7. Medicines are classified into 4 Broad Categories Categories: • Prevent Disease • Fight Pathogens (microorganisms that enter the body and attack its cells and tissues) • Relieve Pain • Helps the heart regulate blood pressure

8. Drugs that Fight • Antibiotic – • drug that microscopic organisms produce (penicillin and tetracycline) • Penicillin – Penicillin Video • antibiotics that kills a wide variety of bacteria • Tetracycline – • antibiotics used to treat infections • Topical antibiotics – • treats minor cuts, burns and abrasions • Sulfa Drugs – • are germ killers that are made from certain chemical substance (man made)

9. Drugs that Prevent Disease • Vaccines – preparation, containing weakened or dead pathogens that cause a particular disease. It is given to prevent one from contracting that particular disease. • Antibody – a protein substance in the blood that acts against poisons or the bacteria that produces them • Antisera – body fluids that contain antibodies and act more quickly than vaccines

10. Drugs that affect the HEART and regulate Blood Pressure • 5 Main Kinds • Digitalis – increase the force of contraction in the heart. • Cuts down the number of heartbeats and controls irregular heart beats • Diuretics – helps to relieve the body of water and sodium. (good after heart failure) • Vasodilators – dilate the veins and arteries to increase blood and oxygen flow. • Antiarrhythmics – given in cases of arrhythmia – any disturbance in the rate or rhythm of the heart. • Preventive agents – used to prevent conditions • Ex./ high blood pressure, blood clots, fatty deposits in blood

11. Drugs that affect the Nervous System • ****Most widely used and abused drugs? WHY? • Alters moods and feelings • 6 Major groupings • Analgesic– relieves and stops pain • Antidepressants – relieves emotional depression • Stimulants– prevent sleep, reduce distractibility in hyperactive children and suppress appetite • Hypnotics – give relief to moderate or mild anxiety and tension and aids in sleep • Barbiturates – used for many of the same reasons as hypnotics as well as used to prevent various types of seizures • Tranquilizers – relieve anxiety and tension (hypnotics) as well as to relieve insomnia due to the anxiety and tension. • A 7th group is called Hallucinogens, but it requires special identification. This group alters consciousness and there is no generally accepted medical use.

12. Antacids • May contain aspirin and can further stomach irritation. • Prevention – eat slowly, chew food well, do not over eat, avoid foods that irritate your stomach. • Antihistamines – cold remedies • What is the major problem with liquid cold remedies? • Correct measurement, ½ of adult dosage for children, weight difference

13. Medicines in the Body • Side Effects – a reaction other than the one intended. • Additive Interaction – medicines work together in a positive way. • Example/ Anti-inflammatory + muscle relaxant to treat joint pain • Synergistic Effect – the interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken independently. • Antagonistic Interaction – the effect of a medicine is cancelled or reduced when taken with another medicine. • Example/ Anti-rejection meds. (transplants) and insulin. Insulin may be decreased. • Tolerance – body becomes use to the effect • Withdrawal – when a person stops using a medicine or other substance to which he or she has a physiological dependence. • Examples of symptoms – nervousness, insomnia, severe nausea, headaches, vomiting, chills, and cramps

14. Effects of the drug in the body depends on: • Type of drug taken • Method by which the drug was taken • Swallowed – starts to dissolve in stomach before going into the bloodstream (absorbed through the walls to the bloodstream) • Liver processes all food and chemicals so to be used or eliminated • Intravenously (in the veins) or Intramuscularly (in the muscle) • Injection causes immediate entrance into the bloodstream and then to the liver.

15. Drugs interact not only with one another but with food as well. • Presence of food: • In the digestive system can slow down or speed up the time it takes a drug to go through the digestive tract to the site in the body where it is needed. • Take on an empty stomach or just before meals or with meals. • Can contain natural and sometimes added chemicals (reaction can be severe) • Can speed up absorption but more often interferes with it. • Example: • Tetracycline with dairy products (calcium in milk and cheese), impairs the body’s capacity to absorb the antibiotic. • Acidity in soft drinks and fruit juices causes some drugs to dissolve quickly in the stomach instead of intestines, where they will be readily available.

16. Refer to page 516 • Being Health Literate: Using Medicines Safely • Ask Questions. • Read the Label. • Practice Safety. • Become a partner in your health care.

17. Extra Credit : Find an article on a medicine breakthrough, summarize and report to the class. • Homework – • Define: Chemical Name, Generic Name, and Trade Name --Medicine Cabinet Review Write down the medication OTC/Prescription Exp./date

18. Drug Tolerance and Dependence • Tolerance • Dependence • Addiction • Withdrawal • Physical – withdrawal occurs • Psychological – mentally dependent

19. Label Reading • Chemical Name - A chemical formula for chemist Ex./ Aspirin Acetylsalicylic Acid - C9H8O4 • Generic Name - Universal Name - aspirin • Trade Name • Manufacturer / brand name • Ex./ Bayer is different by manufacturer

20. Label Reading BACK FRONT Ingredients Do not use if protective seal is broken Acetaminophen Purpose of Medicine PAIN-OFF provides temporary relief from simple headaches Warning : Keep out of reach of children. If pregnant or nursing consult a physician before use. Usual Adult Dosage: 2 tablets four times a day as needed. PAIN OFF Name of Product For fast relief of minor pain Directions for safe use Expiration Date Control number EXP 10/01 NO.QT 123 Medi-Labs, 612 Medi-Lab Way, Mediville, NJ 200 tablets 235 mg each Name and address of manufacturer Exact measurements of package contents

21. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) • The most widely used non –prescription drug in the US • Regular dosage is an excellent pain reliever (2 Tablets) • High doses (10-24 per day) an anti-inflammatory agent • arthritis patients • High doses can cause stomach irritation • Drink full glass of water • Allergic reactions (may not realize it) • Asthma attack • Symptoms – wheezing, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing • Can prevent vitamin C from getting into cells • Vitamins can intensify and prolong the effects of aspirin • Symptoms: ringing in the ears • Salicylate poisoning • Can interfere with blood clotting. • Acetaminophen – taken if sensitive to aspirin because it does not contain salicylic acid