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Drug Unit

Learn about OTC drugs and prescription medications, effects, dosage, drug interactions, and addiction risks. Understand the safe use, different forms of drugs, factors influencing effects, and ways drugs are taken.

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Drug Unit

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  1. Drug Unit Unit 7 in Book Pg. 436

  2. Legal Drug Abusep.404 & 407 OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)- Relieve signs and symptoms of illness. No prescription needed. OTC drugs are safe if used correctly. OTC drugs can be overused Both OTC & prescription drugs are given two names: generic brand names Both of these have active & inactive ingredients.

  3. Examples Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and inflammation. 1. Aspirin- can irritate stomach. 2. Tylenol (Acetaminophen) 3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.

  4. Reye’s Syndrome • Caused by the use of aspirin. • A rare but often fatal disease. • The victims of this disease are often children under the age of 15.

  5. Brand vs. Genericp.406 • Generic must have same active ingredients as brand name, but has different inactive ingredients. active- ingredients used to relieve symptoms and cure illness. inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or coloring, no medicinal purposes.

  6. Prescription Drugsp.406 • Taking prescription medication safely requires that you understand the diagnosis, know what the medicine is being prescribed for, and follow the instructions. • Follow recommended guidelines for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of medicines. • Require a written medical order.

  7. Factors that Change Medicines’ Effects • The drug itself • Form in which you take the drug (pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream) • Route in which the drug is taken • Did you take it with food • Age • Weight • Use of other drugs

  8. Ways Drugs are Taken p.405 • Orally • Most common way • Absorbed through stomach and small intestine into bloodstream • Injected • Using needle, immediate results • Goes directly under skin into muscle or blood vessel • Intramuscular • Injected into muscle • Intravenous • Injected into vein

  9. Inhaled • Quick effect, enter blood stream through lungs • Sniffed • Snorted- sniffing drugs through nose absorbed through mucous membranes of nasal passages • Can cause damage to nasal passages • Absorbed • Enters blood stream through skin or mucous membrane • Implanted • Placed under the skin where they are released into the bloodstream

  10. Drug Testing & Safety • Companies must prove that ingredients in medicines are safe and effective before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to sell their product. • Scientists study the risks of each drug compared with the benefits. • Drugs that carry low risks to health in comparison to their benefits are more desirable in the treatment of disease.

  11. Terms Drug- any chemical substance that alters any body system. Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a drug for its intended medical purpose. Drug Misuse- taking a legal drug for their intended purpose, but not correctly. - Using another persons prescribed medication. Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons other than those intended or using controlled substances illegally. - Intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons.

  12. FDA-Food & Drug Administration, federal government agency that monitors the safety and effectiveness of drugs (Supplements do NOT need FDA approval). Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen severity, relieve symptoms, to prevent disease. Placebo- “sugar pill” psychological

  13. Drug Abuse Controlled Drug (Substance)- a drug whose possession, manufacture, distribution, and sale are controlled by law. Risk Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome. Protective Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome.

  14. Dosage Dose- amount taken at one time. 1. Therapeutic- desired results 2. Toxic- poisonous, causes harm 3. Lethal- results in death 4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or lethal dose. *Different forms: pill, capsule, liquid, spray, cream, etc.

  15. Drug Interactions Antagonistic - reduces/blocks effect Synergistic - multiplies the effects of the drug - when the combination of the drugs is greater then the sum of the two drugs taken alone.

  16. Addictionp. 458 Physical - the body’s chemistry actually changes, the body must actually have the drug to be able to function on a normal level. - Physical drug addiction always has a psychological effect and a strong mental craving. Psychological - can occur without a physical addiction. • People who never learned to cope with emotional pain often develop psychological addictions to drugs. • Strong desire or craving to continue using a drug for emotional reasons (a love for the drug)

  17. Drug Schedules • Refer to Handout

  18. Drug Classificationsp.436-449 • Narcotics • Stimulants • Depressant/ Sedative • Hallucinogens/Psychedelics • Marijuana • Inhalants • Anabolic Steroids

  19. Marijuana Amotivational Syndrome Remains in the body for long periods of time, requires less of it over time to get a high (THC can remain up to 30 days) Examples Hashish (concentrated resin of marijuana) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

  20. Narcotics • Reduce pain • Slow down central nervous system • Examples • Heroin- commonly injected, white color, severe physical dependence. • Oxycontin • Morphine- most powerful legal pain reliever • Codeine- found in prescription cough med’s

  21. Inhalants • Can cause mental confusion, severe brain damage, possible liver, kidney, bone marrow damage, death. • Categories • Solvents • Aerosol, gasoline, glue, paint thinner • Propellants • Nitrous oxide (whippets) • Substances intended for medical use • Inhalers • Bagging (chemicals sprayed in a bag) • Huffing (soaked rag)

  22. Hallucinogens / Psychedelics • One time use can negatively change mind forever • Flashbacks - sudden hallucination long after having used a hallucinogen • Examples • PCP (found to cause bizarre behavior, suicides, violent acts) • LSD ( can be swallowed, sniffed or placed on the tongue to dissolve) • Psilocybin (mushrooms) • Ketamine (date rape drug, a.k.a. Special K) • Ectasy (acts like a stimulant, common at rave parties)

  23. Depressant / Sedative • Slows down the central nervous system • Examples • Barbiturates (sudden withdrawal can cause death) • Benzodiazapines • Tranquilizers (Valium) • GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutate) a.k.a. Liquid E • Date rape drug

  24. Stimulants • Speeds up the central nervous system • Disguise fatigue • Relieve drowsiness • Treat hyperactive children • Examples • Amphetamines (Speed) • Methamphetamines (Crystal meth) • Ritalin • Caffeine (active drug in OTC diet pills, ephedra banned)

  25. Anabolic Steroids • Cause sterility and baldness in males • Increased aggressiveness • Liver damage • Permanent masculinization of the female • Premature ossification in teens

  26. Drug Dependency p.458 Continued use of a drug even though it harms the body, mind, and relationships. • Symptoms: • Withdraw Symptoms: • Unpleasant reactions when a person who is physically dependent no longer takes drug. • Includes: chills, fever, muscle twitching, nausea, cramps, vomiting

  27. Why do People Abuse Drugs? ** People’s natures affect whether they abuse drugs.

  28. Why Addictions Occur • The Nature of the Person - physical/genetic nature - curiosity -peer pressure -self-esteem B. The Nature of the Drug -Euphoria- a sense of great well-being & pleasure brought on by the drug.

  29. C. The Consequences from Society - a society or family that tolerates abuse actually encourages it. **The only sure way to escape drug addiction is to never experiment with drugs!

  30. Risk Factors that increase a teen’s risk of drug abuse p. 454 - Unable to develop long term goals • Want attention • Friends who use

  31. Protective Factors that Reduce the Risk of Drug Use P. 456-457

  32. Warning Signs of Drug Usep. 455

  33. Patterns of Use Experimental - curiosity -social events -often not repeated Occasional -social use -low risk

  34. Situational/Recreational - certain activities -used for coping -high risk * recreational is a term made up by drug abusers who claim their drug abuse is not harmful to their health Intense -high doses over time -habit forming -dependence developing

  35. Compulsive - out of control -dependence -interferes with family, work, etc.

  36. Peer Pressure & Resistancep.462

  37. Drug Use & STD’sp.471& 472 • Needles • Rape • Prostitution • Unplanned Pregnancy • Abstinence

  38. REVIEW

  39. Marijuana

  40. THC

  41. Amotivational Syndrome

  42. Narcotics

  43. Heroin

  44. Inhalants

  45. Bagging

  46. Huffing

  47. Anabolic Steroids

  48. GHB (a.k.a. Liquid E)

  49. Depressant/ Sedative

  50. Barbiturates

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