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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Chapter 8. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Functions of the central nervous system: Communication and coordination system in the body Receives messages from stimuli Brain interprets message Brain responds and carries out activity

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CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

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  1. Chapter 8 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

  2. INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • Functions of the central nervous system: • Communication and coordination system in the body • Receives messages from stimuli • Brain interprets message • Brain responds and carries out activity • Reasoning and intelligence ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  3. INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • Nervous tissue consists of two types of nerve cells: • Neuroglia - cells that insulate, support and protect neurons • Neurons - pass nerve impulses • Sensory neurons (afferent) • Motor neurons (efferent) • Associative neurons (interneurons) ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  4. INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  5. INTRODUCTION TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • Membrane excitability is the electric charge created by impulses in the nerve • Synapse - messages go from one cell to the next • Synaptic cleft - space between axon or one cell and dendrite of another ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  6. DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • There are 3 divisions of the nervous system: • Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord • Peripheral nervous system - nerves of the body • Autonomic nervous system - peripheral nerves and ganglia ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  7. THE BRAIN • Memory • Short term • Long term • Coverings of the brain • Dura mater • Arachnoid mater • Pia mater ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  8. THE BRAIN • The brain contains four lined cavities called cerebral ventricles • Right lateral ventricle • Left lateral ventricle • Third ventricle • Fourth ventricle • Cerebral fluid serves as liquid shock absorber ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  9. THE BRAIN ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  10. CEREBRUM • The cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres; each hemisphere is divided into: • frontal lobe • parietal lobe • occipital lobe • temporal lobe ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  11. CEREBRUM • The cerebral surface is covered with furrows and ridges • Sulci - Shallow grooves • Fissures - deeper grooves • Longitudinal fissure • Transverse fissure • Central fissure • Lateral fissure • Parieto-occipital fissure ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  12. CEREBRUM • Each lobe of the cerebral hemispheres control different functions • Frontal lobe - motor functions • Parietal lobe - sensory • Occipital lobe - eyesight • Temporal lobe - auditory and olfactory senses ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  13. CEREBRUM ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  14. DIENCEPHALON • Thalamus • Located between the cerebrum and midbrain • Acts as a relay station for incoming and outgoing nerve impulses ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  15. Hypothalamus Autonomic nervous control Cardiovascular control Temperature control Appetite control Water balance Manufacture of oxytocin Gastrointestinal control Emotional state Sleep control DIENCEPHALON ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  16. CEREBELLUM • Consists of two hemispheres • Right cerebellar hemisphere • Left cerebellar hemisphere • Controls all skeletal muscle body functions: • Maintenance of balance • Maintenance of muscle tone • Coordination of muscle movement ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  17. BRAIN STEM • Brain stem is made of 3 parts: • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  18. SPINAL CORD • The spinal cord functions as both a reflex center and a conduction pathway to and from the brain ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

  19. Meningitis Encephalitis Epilepsy Cerebral palsy Poliomyelitis Parkinson’s disease Hydrocephalus Multiple sclerosis Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Brain tumors Hematoma DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ©2004 Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

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