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INTRODUCTION TO ROME Comparing Greece and Rome

INTRODUCTION TO ROME Comparing Greece and Rome. INTRODUCTION TO ROME Comparing Greece and Rome Geography Influence Polis/Empire Governance Attitude towards outsiders Masters of War vs. Masters of battle Conservative vs. Innovation Practicality vs. Idealism

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INTRODUCTION TO ROME Comparing Greece and Rome

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO ROME • Comparing Greece and Rome

  2. INTRODUCTION TO ROME • Comparing Greece and Rome • Geography • Influence • Polis/Empire • Governance • Attitude towards outsiders • Masters of War vs. Masters of battle • Conservative vs. Innovation • Practicality vs. Idealism • Governing (“Coarse-grained technocrats”) vs. Culture (“Sensitive Aesthetes”)

  3. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE

  4. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy

  5. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey After various adventure largely paralleling the wanderings of Odysseus, the Trojans are cast ashore at the recently founded city of Carthage.

  6. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey

  7. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium

  8. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars

  9. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars • She-Wolf

  10. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars • She-Wolf • Disagree over where to found city

  11. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars • She-Wolf • Disagree over where to found city • Remus mocks Romulus "So perish whoever else shall overleap my battlements.”

  12. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars • She-Wolf • Disagree over where to found city • Remus mocks Romulus • Romulus founds Rome

  13. Mythic History • Aeneid • Story of Aeneas • Written by Virgil, modeled after Homeric Poetry, ~29-19 BCE • Escape from Troy • Parallels to Odyssey • Goes to ItalyWins Battles, Settles in Latium • Romulus and Remus • Sons of Mars • She-Wolf • Disagree over where to found city • Remus mocks Romulus • Romulus founds Rome • Significance • Aeneid: Tie to glorious past • RR: Ambitious Men Fighting over Rome • RR: Honor/Duty/Civic Loyalty>Family Ties

  14. a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME

  15. Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME

  16. Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME

  17. Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  18. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  19. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  20. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  21. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Alps help protect Italy from invasions Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  22. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Alps help protect Italy from invasions Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  23. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Alps help protect Italy from invasions Italy divided by mts., but less than Greece Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19)

  24. Flatlands • Can be unified • Sicily • Rome

  25. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Alps help protect Italy from invasions Italy divided by mts., but less than Greece Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19) Rome able to unite Italy under its rule (FC.28)

  26. More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Alps help protect Italy from invasions Italy divided by mts., but less than Greece Location in middle of Mediterranean Location in middle of Mediterranean Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19) Rome able to unite Italy under its rule (FC.28)

  27. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Away from interference by other civ’s in East Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses Alps help protect Italy from invasions Italy divided by mts., but less than Greece Location in middle of Mediterranean Away from interference by other civ’s in East Location in middle of Mediterranean Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19) Rome able to unite Italy under its rule (FC.28)

  28. Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has More farmers & fewer traders in Italy Most Greek colonies in S. Italy (a.k.a. Magna Graecia) Few resources but more than Greece has Better farmland than Greece has Persevering & group oriented, but willing to adapt others’ ideas for their own uses Hills & mts., but fewer than Greece has Most of Italy’s good harbors are in S. & W. Alps help protect Italy from invasions Italy divided by mts., but less than Greece Location in middle of Mediterranean Away from interference by other civ’s in East Location in middle of Mediterranean Away from interference by other civ’s in East a FC26 THE GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY & ITS IMPACT ON THE RISE OF ROME Heavy Greek influence on Rome (FC.19) Rome able to unite Italy under its rule (FC.28) Rome able to conquer the Mediterranean (FC.29)

  29. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collection of Villages

  30. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collection of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards

  31. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor?

  32. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.)

  33. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis

  34. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies

  35. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies • Trade with Greek neighbors

  36. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies • Trade with Greek neighbors • Control Rome after ~650

  37. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies • Trade with Greek neighbors • Control Rome after ~650 • Rome under Etruscan Rule • Innovations/Characteristics

  38. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Urban planning on a rectangular grid How to build roads & bridges Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  39. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Urban planning on a rectangular grid How to build roads & bridges Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  40. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Urban planning on a rectangular grid How to build roads & bridges Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  41. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Urban planning on a rectangular grid How to build roads & bridges Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  42. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies • Trade with Greek neighbors • Control Rome after ~650 • Rome under Etruscan Rule • Innovations/Characteristics • Other Influences • Dark/Gloomy Religion • Togas

  43. Early Roman History and Those Darn Etruscans • Collective of Villages • Periodization of Roman History • Monarchy 753 BCE – 509 BCE • Republic 509 – 31 BCE • Empire 31 BCE onwards • Who are the Etruscans? • From Asia Minor? • Dominant Power in Italy • Cities~Greek Polis • Powerful Kings, Armies • Trade with Greek neighbors • Control Rome after ~650 • Rome under Etruscan Rule • Innovations/Characteristics • Other Influences • Dark/Gloomy Religion • Togas • Rome becomes most imp city in Central Italy

  44. Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Rome the most important city in Central Italy Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Urban planning on a rectangular grid How to build roads & bridges Their practice of Augury Style of dress a FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  45. Rebellion vs. Etruscans • Final Three Kings EtruscanDistrust of Kings • TarquiniusSuperbus and Lucretia • Romans drive out Etruscans • Hills • Greeks Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers How to build roads & bridges Rome the most important city in Central Italy Etruscans still a threat in the N. Their practice of Augury Style of dress Rome wins its freedom (c.500 B.C.E.), but faces enemies on three sides: Latin tribes to the South rebel vs. Rome Hill tribes attack attack from East Urban planning on a rectangular grid FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

  46. How to build roads & bridges Urban planning on a rectangular grid Etruscans possibly from Asia Minor as seen in : Use of the arch Etruscans conquer Rome (c.650B.C.E.) & make it a city: Trade, metallurgy & better agriculture Swamp & field drainage & underground. sewers Rome the most important city in Central Italy Alphabet adopted from the Greeks Their practice of Augury Style of dress Rome wins its freedom (c.500 B.C.E.), but faces enemies on three sides: Latin tribes to the South rebel vs. Rome Hill tribes attack attack from East Romans beat Latins & form the Latin league, treating them more as allies than subjects Result? Etruscans still a threat in the N. FC.27 ROME’S EARLY ROOTS: THE ETRUSCANS (c.650-400B.C.E.) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19) Influence from Grks in S. Italy (FC.19)

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