Human Origins Early Man during the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age)

1. Human Origins Early Man during the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) SOL Review • Humans (Homo • Sapiens) emerged in • Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years • ago.

2. Homo Sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. (Every continent except Antarctica!) Land and ice bridges connected the continents.

3. Early humans were hunters and gatherers who survived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants, berries and nuts for food.

4. Early human societies (hunter-gatherer societies) • Were nomadic (migrated in search of food, water and shelter) • Invented the first tools, including simple weapons • Learned how to make fire • Lived in clans • Developed oral language • Created “cave art”

6. Agriculture develops Seeds scattered at a regular campsite result in crops the following season The agricultural revolution begins.

7. Societies during the Neolithic Era (New Stone Age) • Developed agriculture • Domesticated animals • Used advanced tools • Made pottery • Developed weaving skills

8. Archaeologists study past cultures by locating and analyzing: • Human remains • Fossils • and artifacts Archaeologists use a scientific method called Carbon Dating to tell the age of fossils and artifacts

9. Stonehenge is an example of an archaeological site in England that was begun during the Neolithic era and completed during the Bronze Age.

10. Aleppo and Jericho Were early cities in the Fertile Crescent studied by archaeologists Catal Huyuk is an example of a Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia or Asia Minor

11. What was a most important step in the advancement of civilization during the Neolithic Era? Permanent Settlements that included agriculture and the domestication of animals

12. Name a scientific test that archaeologists use to analyze fossils and artifacts. Carbon Dating

13. The first use of advanced tools was a part of what era? Neolithic Era

14. What is Eurasia? Asia and Europe considered as a whole. Even though neither Asia nor Europe is entirely surrounded by water, they are considered continents.

15. 1. The movement patterns of early humans were mostly determined by a. Tribal wars b. Language development c. Animal migration d. Religious practices

16. 2. Early people stopped roaming with the — a. Development of agriculture b. Building of aqueducts c. Invention of the wheel d. Discovery of iron

17. 3. What archaeological site is this? • Chichn Itz • Babylon • Machu Picchu • Stonehenge

18. 4. The first crops likely to have been planted by Neolithic people were: a. Berry bushes b.spices and herbs c. Fruit trees d.Grains

19. 5. During the Glacial periods, Old Stone Age people kept • warm by all of the following means EXCEPT by: • Wearing animal skins • Building fires • Wearing woolen clothing • Building shelters

20. 6. Archaeologists learn about prehistoric cultures by studying all of the following, EXCEPT: a. fossils b. tools and weapons c. written records d. pottery

21. Ancient River Valley Civilizations • During the New Stone Age, permanent settlements appeared • in River Valleys and around the Fertile Crescent. • River Valleys provided: • Rich soil for crops and • Protection from invasion Source: http://acc6.its.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~phalsall/images/riv-vall.gif

22. These early civilizations existed between 3500-500 BC The first civilization was Sumer in Mesopotamia, which means “Land between two rivers” Situated between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers.

23. The second civilization to develop was Egypt along the Nile River. http://loellenpark.org/callens/images/stories/Ancient_Egypt_Map.jpg

24. The Third River Civilization was the Indus River Valley civilization in India

25. The Fourth River Valley Civilization was The Huang He River civilization in China Source: http://core.ecu.edu/hist/tuckerjo/chinciv.jpg

26. 4. During the Paleolithic Era, early humans were hunters and gatherers whose survival depended on the availability of: • Water and cloth • Wild plants & animals • Cultivated crops and plants • Domesticated herds and wild plants

27. 5. During the Old Stone Age, Hunter gatherer societies had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: • They were nomadic • They had simple tools • They had control of fire • They had a written language

28. 6. Which improvements in technology helped create • Agricultural surpluses in river valley civilizations • Tools, plows and irrigation • Silt, domestication and irrigation • Bronze, domestication and writing • Plows, laws and irrigation

29. 7. Match the ancient river valley civilization with its river valley _______ Egyptian a. Indus River Valley _______ Mesopotamian b. Huang He Valley _______ Indian c. Nile River Valley and Delta _______ Chinese d. Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys

30. 8. All of the following are necessary for a Neolithic culture to evolve into a civilization, EXCEPT • The development of a system of public education for the community • Job specialization with different groups performing different tasks • The growth of a settlement large enough to be a city • d. A centralized government for the city

31. 9. Neolithic farmers found that the soil along rivers was especially fertile because a. They slashed and burned the vegetation along the rivers b. Annual flooding replenished the land with a layer of topsoil c. They added fertilizers to the soil D. Animals deposited their manure more frequently along the rivers

32. Sort the following words in the correct columns below. Caves hunters-gatherers fire domesticated animals advanced tools nomadic sedentary agriculture pottery clans irrigation weaving simple tools herders villages Old Stone Age New Stone Age migration Africa food surplus River civilizations Ice age oral language cave art Simple weapons permanent settlements job specialization Bronze Paleolithic Era Neolithic Era