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How We U se L and

How We U se L and. Ch. 14. Section 1 Objectives. Distinguish between urban and rural land. Describe three major ways in which humans use land. Explain the concept of ecosystem services. Urban land - land that is covered mainly with buildings and roads. Must have At least 2,500 people

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How We U se L and

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  1. How We Use Land Ch. 14

  2. Section 1 Objectives • Distinguishbetween urban and rural land. • Describethree major ways in which humans use land. • Explainthe concept of ecosystem services.

  3. Urban land- land that is covered mainly with buildings and roads • Must have • At least 2,500 people • A governing body – city council etc.

  4. Rural land- land that contains few people with large open spaces • Any area not classified at urban • Provides many resources for humans • Wood • Crops • Minerals • Livestock land • recreation

  5. Where we live • Up until about 1850 most people lived in – Rural areas • The Industrial Revolution changed this • Machinery • Better transportation • Elimination of rural jobs • People moved to the city to find jobs

  6. Urban Life • We are still very dependant on rural areas for • Clean drinking water • Fertile soil and land for crops • Trees for wood and paper • Oxygen produced by vegetation • Ecosystem Services – resources that are produced by natural and artificial ecosystems

  7. Ecosystem Services • Developed Countries – need 8 hectares (19.7 acres) of land for their ecosystem services per person • US – need 12 hectares of land (29.6 acres) • Germany – need 6 hectares (14.8 acres) • Developing Nations – use less than 1 hectare (2.5 acrea) per person

  8. http://www.umac.org/ocp/videos/ecosystemServices.html • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLVkf67mghw

  9. Ecosystem Service examples • Pg. 383 • Clean water – purified by rivers • Clean air – purified by plants • Oxygen from plants • Lumber from trees • Fertile soil from decomposing plants • Flood prevention from plant roots • Climate regulation from oceans and atmosphere • Decomposition of waste • Beauty

  10. Section 2 Objectives • Describethe urban crisis, and explain what people are doing to deal with it. • Explainhow urban sprawl affects the environment. • Explainhow open spaces provide urban areas with environmental benefits. • Explainthe heat-island effect. • Describehow people use the geographic information system as a tool for land-use planning.

  11. Urbanization- the movement of people from rural areas to cities • 1960 – 70% of people lived in cities • 1980 – 75% of people lived in cities • Urban growth has slowed

  12. Pre-car Vs. Post-car cities • Cities built before the invention of the car • cover a small area • Traffic problems • Not much open space • Cities built after the invention of the car • Cover large areas • Better traffic flow • Better city planning • More “green” spaces

  13. New York Vs. L.A. L.A. Population = 3.8 million Area = 498 square miles New York Population = 8.3 million Area = 305 square miles

  14. Green Space • Provide ecosystem services for large cities • Temperature moderation • Reduction of rainwater runoff • Aesthetic value

  15. Rapid population growth • Trafic jams • Substandard housing • Air pollution • Water pollution • Can overwhelm the infrastructin • Roads • Sewers • Fire and police stations • Schools • Hospitals • Etc.

  16. Urban Sprawl- rapid expansion of a city into the country • Creates suburbs • Most suburbs are built on land previously used for food production

  17. Marginal Land- land that is not good to build on • L.A. and Mexcico City were buildin basins and have expanded into the mountain side around them

  18. Heat Island- the increased temperature in a city • Can effect local weather patterns Atlanta, GA Tornado

  19. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-sXHl3l-rM

  20. Land-use Planning- determining in advance how land will be used • Where are houses, building, factories, etc. going to be built. • This helps deal with overpopulation later • Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to simulate where things are going to be built

  21. Section 3 Objectives • Explainthe benefits of preserving farmland. • Describetwo ways that rangeland can be managed sustainably. • Describethe environmental effects of deforestation. • Explainthe function of parks and of wilderness areas.

  22. Farmlands- land that is used to grow food and crops • Threatened by urban sprawl

  23. Rangelands- open land not used for farming • Usually used for grazing livestock • Can be arid (dry) or wet (swamps) • Often overgrazed

  24. Forest Lands • Valued for the wood it produces. • Clear-cutting – removal of all trees in an area • Less expensive • More harmful • Selective cutting – removal of only the mature or middle-aged trees • More expensive • Less harmful

  25. Deforestation- clearing a forest without replanting • Reduced wildlife • Created erosion of topsoil

  26. Reforestation- replanting trees where deforestation has occured • Can be natural or man made

  27. Parks and Preserves • The US Wilderness Act of 1964 • Designated certain lands as wilderness areas • Wilderness – an area of land that is protected from exploitation

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