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THE REIGN OF TERROR

Explore the tumultuous period of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution led by Robespierre, the Committee of Public Safety, and The Directory. Learn about the ruthless tactics, dechristianization, new revolutionary calendar, and the Thermidorean Reaction that marked this era.

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THE REIGN OF TERROR

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  1. THE REIGN OF TERROR • Organized by the National Convention and the Committee of Public • Deal with the domestic/internal enemies • Victims included royalists, revolutionaries, and regular people/peasants • Anyone who opposed the radicalism of the san-culottes could be a victim • Lasted 9 months – est. 50,000 murdered • Cities and regions which resisted the control of the National Convention had armies sent against them • Counter-revolutionary areas • Marseilles • Lyons • The Vendee = Western France

  2. ROBESPIERRE • Leader of the Committee of Public Safety • Becomes in effect the virtual dictator of revolutionary France • “the incorruptible”

  3. COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY • National Convention forms an executive committee to run the govt. • Made up of 12 members of the National convention • Led by Robespierre • Given total authority to deal with crises • Save the revolution from domestic counter-revolution • Save the revolution from foreign enemies

  4. THE “REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE” • “representatives on mission” • Government economic ontrols • Seizure of food from the countryside to feed the cities • The Law of the General Maximum

  5. DECHRISTIANIZATION • The word “saint” removed from street names • Churches trashed and closed • Priests encouraged to marry • Notre Dame cathedral converted to “the Temple of Reason” • Attempt to create the worship of reason/rationality to replace Christianity

  6. CREATION OF NEW REVOLUTIONARY CALENDAR • 1792 becomes the year zero • New names for the months – Brumaire, Ventose, Floreal, Thermidor, Fructidor • 3 ten day weeks in the months = decade’s • Eliminated Sundays • Revolutionary celebrations replace religious holidays • Most people hated the new calendar and refused to adopt it

  7. FESTIVAL OF THE SUPREME BEING

  8. THERMIDOREAN REACTIONJuly 1794 • The end of the terror • End of the Committee of Public Safety • Jacobin clubs shut down • Churches reopened – end of dechristianization • Economic controls ended • More stable and conservative constitution written

  9. EXECUTION OF ROBESPIERREJuly 28, 1794

  10. THE DIRECTORY1795-1799 • Govt. of France following the overthrow of Robespierre, the committee of public safety, and the National Convention • Middle class and moderates take back control of the revolution

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