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BREATHING EMERGENCIES

BREATHING EMERGENCIES. ABCD’s. AIRWAY BREATHING CIRCULATION DEFIBRILLATION SEVERE BLEEDING. The Breathing Process. Air (oxygen) into nose and mouth---passes through pharynx----travels through the trachea--- lungs---blood---delivered to brain, organs, muscles (provides energy).

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BREATHING EMERGENCIES

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  1. BREATHING EMERGENCIES

  2. ABCD’s • AIRWAY • BREATHING • CIRCULATION • DEFIBRILLATION • SEVERE BLEEDING

  3. The Breathing Process • Air (oxygen) into nose and mouth---passes through pharynx----travels through the trachea--- lungs---blood---delivered to brain, organs, muscles (provides energy)

  4. BRAIN and OXYGEN • Brain is very sensitive to oxygen starvation • Brain cells start to die in 4-6 minutes without oxygen

  5. TIME FRAME • 0 minutes: breathing stops, heart will soon stop beating • 4-6 minutes: brain damage possible • 6-10 minutes: brain damage likely • Over 10 minutes: irreversible brain damage certain

  6. BREATHING • Brain controls breathing • Adjusts rate and depth of breaths based on O2 and CO2 levels • Requires respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems to work together

  7. BREATHING EMERGENCIES • An obstructed airway (choking) • Illness, such as pneumonia • Respiratory conditions (asthma, emphysema) • Electrocution • Shock • Drowning • Heart attack or heart disease • Chest or lung injury • Allergic reactions (food, insects) • Drugs • Poisoning • Hyperventilation

  8. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS • Most common type of breathing emergency • Injury • Illness • Excitement • Anxiety

  9. SIGNS and SYMPTOMS--RD • Obvious • Cannot catch their breath or gasp for air • Grunting, wheezing, gurgling, shrill sounds • Breaths unusually fast, slow, deep, or shallow • (slow= less than 8 breaths per minute)

  10. S/S Respiratory Distress • Skin • Unusually moist and flushed • Pale, ashen, or bluish (cyanosis) • Symptoms • Dizzy, lightheaded, painful, tingling in lips, hands, or feet

  11. Specific Types of RD • Asthma • Emphysema • Hyperventilation • Anaphylaxis

  12. Care for RD • Initial assessment • Summon EMS • Help the victim rest comfortably • Physical exam • SAMPLE history • Reassure the victim • Assist with medication • Monitor vital signs

  13. RESPIRATORY ARREST • Breathing stops • Illness • Injury • Obstructed airway *heart will stop beating, organs will begin to fail

  14. RESCUE BREATHING • Breathing air into a person to supply him or her with the O2 needed to survive

  15. STEPS • Determine LOC—unresponsive • Open airway and look, listen, feel for breathing • No breathing • Give 2 slow breaths • Check for pulse • Look for severe bleeding

  16. RESCUE BREATHING • Keep airway open • 1 breath every 5 seconds • Every minute re-check pulse

  17. When to stop rescue breathing: • Victim breathes on own • Victim has no pulse—CPR • Someone with more training than you arrives • You are too exhausted to continue • The scene becomes unsafe

  18. Special considerations: • Air in stomach • Vomiting • Mouth-to-nose breathing • Mouth-to-stoma breathing • Victims with dentures • Suspected spine injury

  19. Infants and Children • Faster breath rate and pulse rate than adults • Rescue breaths are faster • Less air in each breath • Head-tilt is less • Cover mouth and nose • Infants: 1 breath every 3 seconds • Children: 1 breath every 5 seconds

  20. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS • Most common cause of respiratory emergency • TWO causes: anatomical or mechanical • Partial or Complete

  21. PARTIAL AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION • Can still move some air in and out of the lungs • Person can still cough and/or speak • Person may clutch throat (universal sign) • Encourage them to keep coughing and summon EMS if it continues

  22. COMPLETE AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION • Unable to speak, cough, cry, or breathe • CALL 911 • Heimlich Maneuver/ Abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is clear (or they become unconscious)

  23. Unconscious Choking Adult/Child • Lay the person down • Open the airway by lifting the jaw up • Finger sweep • Open the airway—head-tilt/chin-lift • Give 2 slow breaths If air does not go in: • Reposition (retilt) the head • Give 2 slow breaths

  24. If air still does not go in: • Give up to 5 abdominal thrusts or chest thrusts** • Do a finger sweep • Give 2 slow breaths (reposition if necessary) Repeat until object is expelled

  25. Chest Thrusts • Middle of the sternum • Person is too large or they are pregnant • Compress 1 ½ to 2 inches • 5 quick thrusts

  26. Conscious Choking Infant • Call 911 • Alternate 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts until the object comes out

  27. Unconscious Choking Infant 1. 2 slow breaths (they don’t go in) 2. Reposition head 3. 2 more slow breaths (if they don’t go in, assume airway is obstructed) 4. Give 5 back blows 5. Give 5 chest thrusts 6. Do a foreign body check 7. Open the airway 8. Give 2 slow breaths (if they don’t go in, repeat steps)

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