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Chemistry

Chemistry. EOG Practice. Which project is most likely to interest a scientist working at a biotechnology company ? A study and reconstruction of fossilized bones B conservation of key species within ecosystems C development of genetically modified corn plants

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry

  2. EOG Practice Which project is most likely to interest a scientist working at a biotechnology company? • A study and reconstruction of fossilized bones • B conservation of key species within ecosystems • C development of genetically modified corn plants • D prevention of sewage leaking into water supplies

  3. EOG Prep • Which is most likely responsible for the formation of cancer cells? • A an antibiotic • B a mutagen • C a bacterium • D a parasite

  4. What is an atom? • A very small piece of matter • Made up of… • 3 different types of particles • Electrons (negative charge) • Protons(positive charge) • Neutrons (no charge)

  5. Particles of matter - Atoms - Molecules - Macromolecules - Cell organelles - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Systems - Organisms - Populations - Ecosystems - Biospheres - Planets - Planetary Systems with Stars - Galaxies - The Universe

  6. What is an element? • A type of atom with a unique set of characteristics • Each has a unique atomic number ( # of protons) • There are ~120 known elements • Examples?

  7. If you read a book, you will find a bunch of words on a page. Letters make up those words. In English, we only have twenty-six letters, but we can make thousands of words. In chemistry, you are working with around 120 elements, and when you combine them you can make millions of molecules. Molecules are groups of atoms bonded together in the same way that words are groups of letters. An "A" will always be an "A" no matter what word it is in. A sodium (Na) atom will always be a sodium atom no matter what compound it is in.

  8. What is a molecule? • Multiple atoms joined together • Can be the same type of atoms or different types • Examples? Dihydrogen monoxide C8H10N4O2

  9. What is a compound? • A molecule made up of at least 2 different elements • Has a fixed ratio determining the composition 2 atoms of hydrogen + 1 atom of oxygen becomes 1 molecule of a compound: water

  10. Common Household Compounds • http://education.jlab.org/elementmath/ • 1. Table Salt (Sodium Chloride)- NaCl • 2. Sugar (Sucrose)- C12H22O11 • 3. Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic Acid)- HCl • 4. Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)- C6H8O6 • 5. Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)- C9H8O4 • 6. Ammonia- NH3 • 7. Rubbing Alcohol (Ethanol)- C2H5OH • 8. Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate)- NaHCO3 • 9. Mothballs (Naphthalene)- C10H8

  11. EOG PREP • This element has ___ protons. A. 5 B. 11 C. 22 D. 23

  12. EOG PREP In a food pyramid which best explains why the number of organisms decreases from 1 trophic level to the next? • A. consumers at the lower level require more energy than the upper level consumers • B. consumers at the top level require more energy than the lower level consumers • C. the consumers are feeding on larger organisms that have less energy • D. the consumers are feeding on smaller organisms that have less energy

  13. Physical Change • Does not change what is in a molecule • Changes how molecules are connected- phase or shape (vaporization, condensation, sublimation) • Examples… • Crushing, melting, breaking, chopping, shredding, freezing • Usually reversible

  14. Chemical Change • Changes what is in a molecule • Makes a substance that wasn't there before • Look for clues a chemical reaction took place: light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound

  15. EOG PREp • Which of these best defines a chemical change? • A. a change that can be reversed • B. a change that can not be reversed • C. a change that can sometimes be reversed • D. a change that causes a reaction

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