1 / 14

3 parts of Respiration

aerobic – require oxygen. 3 parts of Respiration. Glycolysis – may be anaerobic TCA – Kreb’s Cycle Electron Transport Chain. Electron Transport Chain. a.k.a cytochrome chain Main ATP producer! Chemiosmotic theory explains how the cytochrome chain produces ATP

cindyf
Download Presentation

3 parts of Respiration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. aerobic – require oxygen 3 parts of Respiration • Glycolysis – may be anaerobic • TCA – Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  2. Electron Transport Chain • a.k.a cytochrome chain • Main ATP producer! • Chemiosmotic theory explains how the cytochrome chain produces ATP • Step 1: creating a H+ concentration gradient • Step 2: using the gradient to make ATP

  3. Creating a Potential • Carrier molecules (cytochromes) in the inner membrane transport H+ out; accumulates in the intermembrane space • Creates an electrochemical gradient!

  4. Click here for ETC Click here for ATP synthase close-up

  5. Creating a Potential • NADH and FADH2bring H atoms to the chain. • e- are stripped off and passed down the chain of cytochromes • Oxygen becomes the final electron acceptor to form water.

  6. Using the gradient to make ATP

  7. Electron shuttles span membrane MITOCHONDRION CYTOSOL 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 2 FADH2 2 NADH 2 NADH 6 NADH Glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis Citric acid cycle 2 Acetyl CoA 2 Pyruvate Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 ATP + about 32 or 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, depending on which shuttle transports electrons from NADH in cytosol by substrate-level phosphorylation by substrate-level phosphorylation About 36 or 38 ATP Maximum per glucose:

  8. Anaerobic Respiration (fermentation) • Require the energy-carriers formed by glycolysis • Alcholic fermentation • Lactic Acid fermentation

  9. Alcoholic Fermentation • Performed by yeast cells • If NADH can’t dump e- into ETC, it dumps them back into pyruvate; making it the electron acceptor! • NAD+ is restored and recycles back into glycolysis  yielding only 2 ATP molecules • Pyruvate will eventually become ethanol (which is an alcohol, hence alcoholic fermentation… DUH!)

  10. Alcoholic Fermentation

  11. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Occurs in muscle cells • Similar to alcoholic fermentation where pyruvate becomes the final electron acceptor • Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

  12. Lactic Acid Fermentation

  13. Energetics of Respiration • Aerobic vs. Anaerobic: Which is more efficient? Aerobic: yields 38 ATP per glucose molecule Anaerobic: yields 2 ATP per glucose molecules • Anaerobic is not as efficient, but still allows you to live without oxygen

  14. Alternative Food Molecules • Fats and proteins can change form that can enter normal respiration pathways • Fats • Glycerol enters glycolysis • Fatty acids into acetyl-CoA • Proteins • Deaminated, remainder enters at various points in the chain

More Related