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Respiration 10/3/13

Respiration 10/3/13. Finish up circulatory system Human : Respiratory systems Ventilation / Pathway structures & function External vs. Internal respiration diffusion of gases Control of Breathing Respiratory aliments . Breathing & Cellular Respiration:.

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Respiration 10/3/13

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  1. Respiration 10/3/13 • Finish up circulatory system • Human: Respiratory systems • Ventilation / Pathway • structures & function • External vs. Internal respiration • diffusion of gases • Control of Breathing • Respiratory aliments

  2. Breathing & Cellular Respiration: Levels of gas exchange: • breathing (external respiration) • internal respiration • cellular respiration

  3. Ventilation / breathing: • Inhalation – • intercostal muscles • diaphragm • thoracic cavity • increase in lung volume

  4. Ventilation / breathing: • Exhalation– • intercostal muscles and diaphragm • rib cage moves • thoracic cavity • lung volume decreases 

  5. Ventilation / Breathing: • tidal volume – volume of air normally breathed in and out at rest (~0.5L) • lungs can be deflated or inflated further • breathing is maintained by • can be overrode Note: fig 15.6

  6. Human Respiration: Pathyway • nose & mouth • pharynx • larynx • trachea fig 15.1

  7. Human Respiration: Pathyway • bronchi • bronchioles • surrounded by • lungs fig 15.1

  8. Respiratory tract: • nose • traps water • epithelial lined passages • cilia • sneezing

  9. Human Respiration: • alveoli - location of gas exchange • vast network of capillaries • humans have about 620 miles of capillaries in lungs! • alveolar cells must stay open for gas exchange see fig 15.5

  10. Expansion of lungs when thoracic cavity expands: • Pleural sac encases each lung • 2 layers • 2nd one • Fluid between layers acts as lubricant • Surface tension from the hydrogen bonds

  11. Transport of Gases: • Oxygen • Not enough oxygen dissolves into blood plasma to support metabolic needs • Hemoglobin w/ itsiron Fe2+ carries • one hemoglobin molecule • All have a • Binding of oxygen is • O2 + Hb HbO2

  12. Transport of Gases: • Carbon dioxide • most of CO2 is carried in the form of • CO2 + H2O  H2CO3  H+ + HCO3-

  13. Gas Exchange:External Respiration • gas exchange takes place due to the • high partial pressure of CO2 • high partial pressure of O2 top of fig 15.9

  14. Gas Exchange: Internal respiration: • oxygen delivered to cells depends on the demand • oxygen bound to iron w/in hemoglobin molecule • diffuses into tissue • CO2 waste product in cells

  15. Control of breathing: • breathe an average of 12-20 times/minute • exhalation • main regulation of breathing rate is • chemoreceptors • medulla oblongata – • carotid bodies & aortic bodies respond

  16. Smoking & Unhealthy Lungs: • smoking effects - • slow down • coughing results • smoking produces • more susceptible • cough worsen - • 85% of lung cancer is in smokers

  17. Respiratory Aliments: • Upper respiratory tract: • cold - • flu - • bronchitis - • acute (short term) • chronic (long term) - • inflammation of • strep throat --

  18. Respiratory Aliments: Lower respiratory tract • Emphysema - shortness of breath • alveoli • reduced surface area • reduced • increased • CO2 not picked up as efficiently

  19. Respiratory Aliments: Lower respiratory tract • Asthma - shortness of breath • chronic, • triggering of smooth muscles • increase • inhalers dilate the bronchioles allowing airflow • Tuberculosis (TB) • airborne bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) • highly contagious • inflammation • body responds

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