Unit 4 Day 10 OBJECTIVE :

1. Wednesday 1/29/14 Unit 4 Day 10 OBJECTIVE: • Do Now: • Layers & Gases of the Atmosphere • Today: • Layers of the Atmosphere notes • Review Atmosphere 24.1 GRWS • Global Climate Change • Homework: • Climate Change Newspaper story

2. Thursday 1/30/14 • Today: • “EVERYTHING” else • Stephen Hawking: Into the Universe • Episode: Everything • Homework: • Check your notebook…make sure it is complete and in order! Open Notebook Test tomorrow Unit 4 Day 11 OBJECTIVE:

3. Friday 1/31/14 • Do Now: • Complete all do now pages and turn in (8 pages)…Take home or recycle folder • Today: • Unit 4 Test – Open Notebook • Unit 4 Notebook – 25 pages • Homework: • Check Power School • ALL WORK MUST BE TURNED IN MONDAY • TEXTBOOKS MUST BE TURNED IN MONDAY Unit 4 Day 12

4. The Almost Last Day of the Semester OBJECTIVE: , • Do Now: • ? • Today: • Ask Review • Homework: • ?

5. Last Day of the Semester • Today: • Exploring Science in the Media • Journey to the Center of the Earth • Homework: • Are you kidding?

6. Layers of the Atmosphere

8. Layers of the Atmosphere • The envelope of gas surrounding the Earth from the ground up are made up of five distinct layers • Identified using... • thermal characteristics (temperature changes), • chemical composition, • movement, and • density.

10. Troposphere Begins at the Earth's surface and extends up to 4-12 miles (6-20 km) high. This is where we live. As the gases in this layer decrease with height, the air become thinner. Therefore, the temperature in the troposphere also decreases with height. Almost all weather occurs in this region. The transition boundary between the troposphere and the layer above is called the tropopause.

12. Stratosphere Extends from the tropopause up to 31 miles above the Earth's surface. This layer holds 19 percent of the atmosphere's gases and but very little water vapor. Temperature increases Radiation is increasingly absorbed by oxygen molecules which leads to the formation of Ozone. The increasing temperature also makes it a calm layer with movements of the gases slow. The transition boundary which separates the stratosphere from the mesosphere is called the stratopause

13. Felix Baumgartner • 23 miles above the Earth's surface •  break both a 52 year sky-diving record and the sound barrier

15. Mesosphere Extends from the stratopause to about 53 miles (85 km) above the earth. The gases, including the oxygen molecules, continue to become thinner and thinner with height.

17. Thermosphere • Extends from the mesopause to 430 miles (690 km) above the earth. • The gases of the thermosphere are thinner than in the mesosphere. • The temperature increases with height and can reach as high as 3,600°F • Despite the high temperature, this layer of the atmosphere would still feel very cold to our skin because of the extremely thin air.

19. Exosphere • The Exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and extends from the thermopause to 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above the earth. In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth. The transition boundary which separates the exosphere from the thermosphere below it is called the thermopause.

21. The Five Layers of the Atmosphere *Create your OWN mnemonic phrase to memorize the order of the five layers. For example: T = Troposphere = Terribly S = Stratosphere = Scary M = Mesosphere = Monsters T = Thermosphere = Terrorize E = Exosphere = Earth

23. Ticket to Understanding… The Five Layers of the Atmosphere *Answer the following questions on the same paper and turn it in before you leave today! • Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth? • Which is thicker, the troposphere or the stratosphere? • The ozone layer that protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet light is found in which layer of the atmosphere?

24. Crewmembers of the International Space Station returning from space walks have described the smell of space…

25. Researchers have found that chimpanzees could survive up to 3.5 minutes in near-vacuum conditions with no apparent long term problems.

31. Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming A Changing Climate

33. Otherwise known as the Door to Hell and the Derweze gas crater, the crater is found in Turkmenistan and is 60 metres wide and 20 metres deep. The hole was created when a Soviet drilling rig accidentally tapped into a massive underground natural gas cavern, causing the ground to collapse and the drilling rig to fall in. To prevent poisonous fumes from escaping into the atmosphere, the Soviet geologists decided to set the pit on fire, hoping the fire would use up its fuel in a few days.

39. 15,500 km2 of Amazon rainforest is cut down every year.

41. Continued emissions of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and changes in all aspects of the climate system, Model simulations indicate that the change in the global surface temperature by the end of the 21st Century is likely to exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius, relative to 1850.

42. Chlorofluorocarbons Nitrous oxide Ozone Water vapor Carbon Dioxide Methane Greenhouse GasesAct as a blanket to trap heat and keep the planet warm

43. Living in a Warmer World • Global warming is the most serious and threatening problem this century • As greenhouse gases increase, the level in the atmosphere increases and global temperatures rise • Scientists believe greenhouse gases will change climate dramatically

44. Increase in sea level Increase in evaporation will exceed precipitation Plants/animals may not be able to adapt to new climates Affect growing season of crops Increased ozone causes diseases (asthmas and other lung ailments) Impacts of Greenhouse Gases

45. Predictions of the Greenhouse effect • 3-5 C rise in global mean temp by 2050 • Increase in natural weather problems like tornados and hurricanes • 5-10 C rise in polar temperature • Glacier retreat / melting • Changes in in coastlines of land masses • Polar animals endangered by loss of habitat • Acidification • More greenhouse gases • CO2 becomes carbolic acid in water • Increased pH of seawater • Detrimental to corals and marine animals

46. Effects on Agriculture • Local benefits may be felt in some regions • Northern latitudes increased growing season • Local negatives • Africa (Darfur) drought and desertification • 33% less maize—the country's staple crop—will be grown • Food shortages in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Mexico • Rising food prices around the globe

47. Manifestations of the Greenhouse Effect…What are we already seeing: • Increase in global mean temperature • Increase in ocean temperature • Increase in cloud cover of the earth • Disruption of the Jet Stream patterns • 1-2m increase in sea level over next 50-100 years

48. Water Vapor • Traps heat preventing nighttime cooling that normally occurs when the air is drier. • Increase in temperature = increase in water vapor because warm air holds more water vapor • Contributes to natural greenhouse effect

49. Carbon Dioxide • Taken in during respiration in plants • Produced during decomposition of organic materials and respiration in animals • Human activities create most CO2 • Burning fossil fuels • deforestation

50. Methane • Produced during decomposition of organic material in wet, oxygen-deficient environments • Caused by • Marshes • Swamps • Leaking natural gas pipes • Decaying materials in landfills