Answer the question in the first paragraph.

Answer the question in the first paragraph. • Some of you have a weak intro, but you sum it up and finish strong. • If that happens go back and squeeze it into your intro, even if it’s in the margin! • Explain key terms – this is your chance to prove what you know, don’t rush and skip this step! • EX: Berlin Airlift, Satellite states • End each paragraph with analysis, not (doc A)

The Civil Rights Movement

During World War II, President Roosevelt had responded to complaints about discrimination at home against African Americans by issuing Executive Order 8802 in June 1941, directing that blacks be accepted into job-training programs in defense plants, forbidding discrimination by defense contractors, and establishing a Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC). • President Truman desegregated the United States armed forces by Executive Order 9981 in 1948.

The NAACP and Thurgood Marshall • Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher • In 1946, she applied at the University of Oklahoma and was denied because of race. Two years later, in 1948, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. of Okla. that the state of Oklahoma must provide instruction for blacks equal to that of whites. • Thurgood Marshall acted as the head NAACP lawyer for this case and the justices ruled unanimously.

As the head of the Legal Defense Fund, Marshall argued many civil rights cases before the Supreme Court, most of them successfully, including Sweatt v. Painter, (1950); and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, (1950).

Marshall’s most famous case as a lawyer was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" public education, as established by Plessy v. Ferguson, was not applicable to public education because it could never be truly equal. • In total, Marshall won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court.

de jure segregation: • segregation imposed by law • de facto segregation: • segregation by custom or tradition

segregation policies of “separate but equal,” • disenfranchisement of African Americans through poll taxes, literacy tests, and violence

Eisenhower • Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 • Murder of Emmett Till, 1955 • Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955–1956 • Desegregating Little Rock Central High School, 1957 • Sit-ins, 1958–1960 • Clara Luper - Oklahoma City Sit-in Movement, 1958

Kennedy • Freedom Rides, 1961 • Voter registration organizing • Integration of Mississippi universities, 1956–65 • Albany Movement, 1961–62 • Birmingham Campaign, 1963–64 • March on Washington, 1963

Johnson • Malcolm X Joins the Movement, 1964-1965 • Mississippi Freedom Summer, 1964 • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 1964 • King Awarded Nobel Peace Prize, 1964 • Selma to Montgomery marches, 1965 • Voting Rights Act, 1965 • Memphis, King assassination, 1968

NAACP - 1908 – used the legal system • CORE -1942 – Congress of Racial Equality • SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference - 1957 • Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • I Have a Dream speech • SNCC –Students Non-violent Coordinating Committee – 1960 • Black Panther Party – 1966 • Black Power Movement • Malcolm X • Nation of Islam - separatist • Sunni Islam • Assassinated 1965

Tactics • civil disobedience • non-violent resistance • sit-ins • boycotts • marches • voter registration drives

Evaluate the effects the Civil Rights Movement had on other contemporaneous social movements including the: • Women’s Liberation Movement • United Farm Workers and César Chávez • American Indian Movement

Answer the question in the first paragraph.