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Japan

Japan. 9.1 | The Island Nation . Geography and Limitations . An archipelago Hokkaido Honshu Shikoku Kyushu T he Ring of Fire Seismic activity [tsunamis] The good and bad of island life Isolation Limited space Negligible resources. Early Japan. C. 300 BC – 300 AD

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Japan

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  1. Japan 9.1 | The Island Nation

  2. Geography and Limitations • An archipelago • Hokkaido • Honshu • Shikoku • Kyushu • The Ring of Fire • Seismic activity [tsunamis] • The good and bad of island life • Isolation • Limited space • Negligible resources

  3. Early Japan • C. 300 BC – 300 AD • Japanese culture slowly materialized • Influence from China and Korea • Japan occasionally mentioned in Chinese writings • The Yamato State • The “civilized” part of Japan • Kyoto • Constant struggle with Kyushu and eastern Honshu “barbarians” • Allied with Korean Baekje • Immigrants and iron imports = power

  4. Early Japanese religion Shinto – “way of the kami” or nature spirits Each clan had its own nature deity (kami)

  5. Chinese influence on Japan • Through the Baekje, Japan imported • Chinese Confucianism [513 AD] • Chinese writing styles • Chinese Buddhism [538 AD] • Through the Tang, Japan imported • Court-style government [680s AD] • Tenno “heavenly emperor” • Bureaucratic administration • Social divide • Japanese elite resembled China • Japanese peasantry was still clan-based

  6. The Maturation of Japan • 3 phases • 7th century | Japan studies Chinese methods • 8th century | Japan models Chinese methods • 9/10th century | Japan fits Chinese methods to their needs • The rise of the Samurai “to serve” • Chinese conscription proved inefficient • Tax breaks for those who would serve the court • Functioned as warriors, police, and bodyguards • Issues with nobility controlling private armies [DC]

  7. The Heian Period 794 – 1185 AD | Kyoto | Japanese cultural awakening Japanese art, customs, traditions, and elegance emerge The Chinese mirror that Japan saw itself in was broken

  8. Japanese Feudal Period • Chinese-style emperor at top [figurehead] • Shogun as political military leader • Effective hegemony over clans • Clan leaders called Daimyos [aristocrats] • Daimyos command samurai armies • People of sale are at the bottom of society • Peasants not, contribution to society

  9. The Mongols Invade Japan Envoys sent demanding submission | Refusal 30,000 troops in 1274 AD | Victories | Withdrawal | Envoys 140,000 troops in 1281 AD | Victories | Halt | The Kamikaze

  10. The Ashikaga Shogunate • Ashikaga Takauji [Shogunate 1336 – 1573 AD] • Joined a rebellion against Japan’s leading Shogun • Established a new hegemony with his clan at the top • Then various clans [headed by daimyo] • Protected by their samurai • A hierarchy of clans • Shogun reliant upon daimyo • Emperor powerless

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