Integrated Pest Management: Keeping the “I” in IPM J. P. Cuda, Ph.D. Entomology & Nematology Department Gainesvill

2. Integrated Pest Management: Keeping the “I” in IPM J. P. Cuda, Ph.D.Entomology & Nematology DepartmentGainesville, FL 32611-0620

3. Instructor:Dr. Jim Cuda, Asst. Professor phone (352-392-1901 ext 126)email (jcuda@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)Responsibilities: (Research 65%) Biological Control of Invasive Weeds (Extension 30%) Biocontrol of Insect Pests & Weeds

4. Agenda • Distribute Surveys • Background for New IPM Initiative • Principles and Practices of IPM

5. Surveys • MG Pest Management Practices • IFAS Accountability Survey

6. Why Are We Here ? • Homeowner reliance on pesticides is high and unsustainable • $$, Safety Issues, CWA, FQPA • Sarasota Co.- 26,000 lbs of pesticides collected in 1996 Amnesty Program • Federal mandate for viable pesticide alternatives • EPA prohibition of diazinon & dursban • Willingness of home gardeners to experiment

7. What is IPM ? • Applied pest control that combines and integrates biological and chemical control(Stern et al. 1959) • Manipulation of natural processes to increase their effectiveness; use pesticides only when natural processes fail to control pests (National academy of Sciences, 1996)

8. Goal of IPM ? • Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse effects on human health, non-target organisms and the environment • Emphasis on and integration of “sustainable” IPM tactics • Prevention, biological, cultural, mechanical controls, and reduced risk pesticides

9. Current Situation • Limited adoption of basic IPM principles : • Manipulate natural processes to increase effectiveness • Emphasis on ecologically- based tools instead of pesticides • Integration of compatible tactics • TECHNOLOGYTRANSFERFAILURE !!!

10. Problem Identification • Increase funding for interdisciplinary research and extension programs(IPM-SR, SARE grant programs) • Need for trained IPM practitioners (UF DPM program) • Improve public education about IPM and its benefits

11. What is Immediate Solution? • Establishment of IFAS Office of IPM and Advisory Committee • Dr. Norman C. Leppla, Coordinator • Identify IPM and biocontrol (BC) expertise in IFAS, DACS, and USDA • Inventory IPM successes in Florida • Increase visibility and delivery of IPM concepts and practices in county extension programs

12. Delivery of IPM Information and Technology Emphasizing Biological Control J. P. Cuda and N. C. LepplaEntomology & Nematology Dept.

13. Definitions • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) • Biologically-based pest control system • Combinations of control tactics to conserve natural enemies

14. Definitions • Biological Control, Biocontrol (BC) • Suppression of harmful organisms with natural enemies • Foundation of IPM programs

15. Goal • Develop State Major Program in IPM emphasizing BC • Establish a Design Team to assist in planning, implementing and evaluating SMP activities

16. Rationale for New SMP in IPM • County priorities • Florida FIRST imperatives • “Illusion of IPM” (Ehler & Bottrell 2000)

17. County Priorities (1999) • Increased demand for training and educational materials in IPM / BC • Priority program areas: • Agriculture, Horticulture, Natural Resources

18. Florida FIRST Imperatives • Water Quality & Management • Pest Protection • Food Technologies • Produce Society-Ready Graduates

19. “Illusion of IPM” • Limited implementation of “true” IPM • National commitment (1993) – 75% by year 2000 • Currently < 8% of U.S. crop acreage • Reliance on pesticides • Minimal integration of compatible tactics

20. Summit 2000 • Gainesville, 16 August • UF (state / county faculty) & USDA • Agronomy, Entomology, Horticulture, Nematology, Natural Resources, Plant Pathology • Commitments from FAMU, FLDEP and FLWMDs • Design Team Leaders selected • Norm Leppla, Jim Cuda and Gary Brinen

21. Accomplishments • Tentative Title for New SMP • “Delivery of IPM and Biological Control Information and Technology” • LIST- SERV and website developed • http://biocontrol.ifas.ufl.edu • Grant proposal submitted to SARE • Funding to support graduate student and distance education fees

22. Mission Statement • Provide leadership in developing educational materials and in-service training programs to support implementation of IPM emphasizing BC at local level

23. Design Team Functions • Build effective network of county, state and federal faculty committed to IPM emphasizing BC • Assist cooperating counties in identifying and developing demonstration projects

24. Design Team Functions (cont’d) • Facilitate acquisition and dissemination of information via IPM / BC web site • Develop / coordinate in-service training and distance education programs on the proper use of natural controls

25. Design Team Functions (cont’d) • Increase public awareness of BC and IPM by facilitating the documentation of IPM successes in appropriate media outlets

26. Achievable Goals • New partnerships • Extension Delivery System • Accountability

27. New Partnerships • Establish new IPM / BC partnerships • Coordinate efforts of BC scientists and county faculty • Link with private industry to develop practical BC agents and pesticide compatibility data

28. Extension Delivery System • Develop Florida IPM / BC website • Compartmentalized areas : • Teaching, Homeowners, Commercial, Issues • Commodities: Citrus, Ornamentals, Natural Areas, Turf, Vegetables, and Structural • Links to EDIS, DDIS, FAWN

29. Extension Delivery System(cont’d) • Increase training and implementation of IPM / BC at local level • New BC Facilities in Ft. Pierce and Davie • Training centers for BC agent biology, rearing and implementation • Establish & maintain demonstration projects • Develop & disseminate training materials

30. Accountability • Evaluation of SMP success: • Short term- • Informal / formal assessments • Monitor pesticide reduction at high use demonstration sites

31. Accountability (cont’d) • Evaluation of SMP success (cont’d): • Long term- • Incorporate IPM options into PM guides • Increase $$ for IPM research & education • Link IFAS, IPM program with Florida FIRST • Advance IPM and BC in Florida • General acceptance of IPM / BC

32. Break Time

33. Principles of IPM • Avoid or prevent pest damage with minimum adverse effects on human health, the environment, and non-targets • Integrate most effective, compatible, and sustainable pest management tactics • Begin with “Prevention” & “Biocontrols” and extend to “Chemical” & “Physical”controls in ways that minimize environmental risks (Leppla 2001)

34. Components of IPM • Scouting • Process of finding suspected pest and identifying it • Use diagnostic labs &/or local resources (DDIS) to distinguish pests from beneficials • Maintaining records of pest occurrence • Establishing thresholds for plant damage • Determining if pest population is high enough to justify managing it • Using multiple tactics to manage pests • Prevention, biological, autocidal, cultural, chemical, and physical • Timing pest control measures to coincide with most susceptible developmental stage

35. Pest or Beneficial ?

36. TACTICSOF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT BIOLOGICAL CULTURAL CHEMICAL PHYSICAL PREVENTION IMPORTATION AUGMENTATION CONSERVATION ORGANIC INORGANIC NATURAL SYNTHESIZED NATURAL SYNTHESIZED Relative Degree of Sustainability PERMANENTTEMPORARY

37. Number of pests & level of damage beyond which treatment should be taken What are Thresholds? Pest EIL Natural Enemy NUMBER TIME

38. Economic Injury Level (EIL) • Pest population exceeds some threshold beyond which it interferes with plant health, appearance or profits

39. Aesthetic Threshold (AT) • Point at which thought or sight of pest population is nearing maximum human tolerance level

40. Why Use Thresholds? • Using thresholds can maintain or improve plant quality while reducing the amount and frequency of conventional pesticides

41. IPM Checklist (√) Prevention • Select healthy plants suited to habitat - Right plant, right place, right time • Inspect &/or quarantine nursery stock Biological control= Natural enemies • Predator- consumes more than one prey item during its development (e.g.,Lady beetle) • Parasitoid- lives in / on body of one host eventually killing it (e.g., Parasitic fly or wasp) • Entomopathogen- disease causing organism (e.g., Nematode, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, virus)

42. Kinds of Natural Enemies DPI DPI

43. IPM Checklist (√) Biological Control for Homeowners • Conservation- Maintain and enhance existing beneficial organisms • Alter control practices (e.g., timing of pesticides) • Provide nectar sources, additional hosts • Provide companion plants to attract and maintain beneficial organisms • Augmentation- Increasing numbers & kinds of beneficials • Inoculative-Acquire and release small numbers early in pest cycle • Inundative- Acquire and release large numbers to overwhelm pest

44. http://www.anbp.org

45. IPM Checklist (√) Cultural Control • Eliminate plant species that attract pests • Use pest resistant varieties • Remove and destroy heavily infested plants Physical Control • Using yellow sticky cards to monitor and/or trap insects • Use of screens, covers, barriers, and handpicking some insects

47. IPM Checklist (√) Chemical Control • Use selective (reduced risk) pesticides to preserve beneficials • Use microbial insecticides, e.g., Bts • Adjust application rates to protect beneficials • Spot treat areas when pests reach treatment threshold • Alternate pesticides to reduce resistance

48. http://www.koppert.nl

49. Benefits of IPM • Reduced amount of pesticides needed to achieve control • Reduced environmental contamination from pesticides • Reduced risks of exposure to people, pets, and natural enemies • More economical • More effective long-term pest control

50. Message • IFAS is putting FLORIDA FIRST in IPM of plant pests and weeds • http: // floridafirst.ufl.edu