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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009. The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg.

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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

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  1. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergCurt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred BergWinter Term 2008/2009 The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1

  2. The U.S., the Cold War, and the Third World • The U.S. and Decolonization • The U.S. and the Modernization of the Third World • Domestic Racism and the American Image Abroad • Covert Operations and Interventions Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  3. U.S. and Colonialism • The Legacy of 1776 • The Monroe Doctrine • Resentment of British Empire But: Conquest of North American Continent Imperialist Fever of 1898 Priority of Relations with European Colonial Powers Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  4. Decolonization of U.S. Possessions • 1946: Independence for the Philippines • 1952: Commonwealth Status for Puerto Rico Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  5. The Third World • 1955 Conference of Nonaligned Nations at Bandung, Indonesia Ceylon Prime Minister, Sir John Kotelawala, & Indian Premier, Jawaharlal Nehru, at the Bandung Conference. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  6. Walt W. Rostow, 1916-2003 • Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, 1960-1961 • Counselor to the State Department and Chairman of the Policy Planning Council, 1961-1966 • Appointed by Pres. Johnson as U.S. Member of the Inter-American Committee on the Alliance for Progress (CIAP), 1964 • Special Assistant for National Security Affairs, 1966-1969 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  7. Modernization Theory • All societies follow a linear path to modernity • The Western model of modernity is the goal of historical development • Development can be accelerated by prudent economic policies • Development will immunize a society against communism Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  8. The Ugly American Book Cover A Poster from the 1963 Film The Ugly American, 1958 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  9. Peace Corps, 1961 President Kennedy greets Peace Corps volunteers, 28 August 1961. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  10. Alliance for Progress Pres. Kennedy inaugurates a new school in Bogotá, Columbia, sponsored by economic aid from the Alliance for Progress on December 17, 1961. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  11. Gunnar Myrdal, 1898-1987 • America, for its international prestige, power, and future security needs to demonstrate to the world that American Negroes can be satisfactorily integrated into its democracy. • An American Dilemma, 1944 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  12. W.E.B. Du Bois, 1868-1963 • Peoples of the World, we American Negroes appeal to you; our treatment in America is not merely an internal question of the United States. It is a basic problem of humanity. • An Appeal to the World, 1947 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  13. Little Rock, Arkansas 1957 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  14. Birmingham, Alabama, 1963 Civil rights demonstrator attacked by a police dog on May 3, 1963. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  15. Covert Operations • National Security Act of 1947 authorizes the Central Intelligence Agency: “to perform such other functions and duties related to intelligence affecting the national security as the National Security Council may from time to time direct.” Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  16. Covert Operations • Definition: Activity sponsored by the US government against foreign states or groups that is so planned and executed that U.S. responsibility is not evident to unauthorized persons and can be plausibly denied, if uncovered. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  17. Mohammad Mosaddeq, 1882-1967 • Prime Minister of Iran, 1951-1953 • Time Magazine’s Person of the Year, 1951 • Removed from power by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, in a complex coup led by British and US intelligence agencies, 1953 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  18. Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, 1913-1971 • President of Guatemala, 1951-1954 • Toppled by the CIA organized Coup d‘état known as Operation “PBSUCCESS” Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  19. Patrice Lumumba, 1925-1961 • First elected Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, June 1960 • Forced out of office, September 1960 • Assassinated, January 1961 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

  20. Castro, lower right, watches from a tank near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs invasion. Cuban militiamen and members of the Revolutionary Army celebrate their victory at Playa Giron. The Bay of Pigs Invasion, April 15-19, 1961 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

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