Expansion of the United States

1. Expansion of the United States • During 1800s, United States grew in size, power, and wealth. • Vast forest areas and western plains lured American settlers by the thousands. • Opportunities for U.S. to acquire more territory

2. October 3, 2013 • Bell work: Turn to page 440 in your World History Book. • On your map you are to label, date, and color the following territories: • Louisiana Purchase • Republic of Texas/Disputed with Mexico • Gadsden Purchase • Oregon Country • Alaska • Hawaii • Florida

3. The Young Nation Grows • U.S. gains biggest territory from Napoleon I. • 1803 France preparing to go to war with Great Britain. • Had to finance the war somehow. • Napoleon sells French owned Louisiana territory to U.S. • $15 million dollars • Thomas Jefferson acquired the Louisiana Purchase. • All the land between the MS River and Rocky Mtns. Area eventually formed 13 states.

4. The Young Nation Grows cont… • The U.S. gains more land! • Spain ceded (gives up) Florida in 1819 because of political and financial problems. • Some territorials gains not so peaceful • 1845 the Republic of Texas was annexed to the U.S. • 1846-conflict between U.S. and Mexico over the Republic of Texas…results in war. • 1848-U.S. defeat the Mexicans • Treaty for Mexico to give up vast area of land which later formed all of California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming, and New Mexico. • Large Hispanic population

5. The Young Nation Grows • Treaty with Great Britain, the U.S. gains Oregon country. • Oregon, Washington, Idaho, parts of Wyoming, and Montana were later created from this territory. • 1853, James Gadsden-American Ambassador to Mexico • Gave Mexico $10 mil for 45,ooo square miles. • Land in southern New Mexico, and Arizona, south of the Rio Grande. • Gadsden Purchase-”Sea to Shining Sea” • Purchased Alaska from Russia-1867 • Annexed Hawaii-1898

6. Territorial Expansion

7. Westward Expansion • Westward Expansion brought new opportunities to settlers. • Forged communities • Built states in the new lands • Expansion also brought suffering: • Loss of land, culture, and often life (Native Americans)-who inhabited lands in the West for centuries. • Native Americans pushed off land or forced to sign treaties. • Destroyed buffalo-main food source • Reservations-less desirable parts of the country

8. Transportation of Westward Expansion Pioneers set out west on the Prairies in a Conestoga Wagon. Faced hardships such as: Battling hunger, Native Americans, hot dry West climate, prairie fires, grasshopper plagues, and harsh winters.

9. Rise of the United States • As Americans moved westward, democratic rights expanded. • The right to vote and hold public office restricted to white male property owners. • People of the West sought to extend voting rights • New states adopt constitution-granted right to vote to all men. • New states gain power in Congress • 1856-every state granted all white men the right to vote.

10. An Expanding Economy • Factors of rapid growth of the economy: • 1. Industrial Revolution • 2. Immigration-Irish, German, and Scandinavians • Industries characterized the North • Free labor • Agriculture characterized the South. • Cotton became chief production for British textile industries. • Slaves labor • Different economic interests of the North and the South cause conflict.

11. A Nation divided • Political and economic differences • Sectionalism-the devotion to the political and economic interest of a region or a section of the country. • South wanted to expand slavery to territory gained during Mexican War. • North wanted this territory employing free labor • 1860 Abraham Lincoln elected President-opposed slavery • South feared Abe would abolish slavery • 15 slave states • 18 free states

12. A Nation Divided • South Carolina-secede (withdraw from Union) • Other states followed • February 8, 1861-seven states joined to form own nation called the Confederate States of America. • Washington, D.C.-Congress worked on compromise…didn’t work. • Lincoln “no state, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union.” • April 1861 nation at war. • War lasted from 1861-1865 • Bloodiest struggles of the 1800s

13. A Nation Divided • North 22 mil people • South 9 mil people (1/3 were enslaved) • South wins many victories-Robert E. Lee • North had massive resources-threw against the South • South less industrious, had fewer resources • Confederacy surrendered in 1865 • Lost 600,000 soldiers • Largest casualty figure of any American war

14. The Civil War

15. Challenges for African Americans • After War, Congress passes three Amendments • 13th-Abolished slavery • 14th-Granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law • 15th-all males the right to vote • Southern states imposed segregation laws (Jim Crow)-legal separation of the races. • Separate hospitals, bathrooms, water fountains, and other public places. • Restrictions on voting • Had to read part of the constitution in order to vote • Had to pay a poll tax • Most African Americans could not read or had any money.

16. A New Society • Nation sets out to rebuild itself-reconstruction • After Civil War, U.S. world’s largest industrial and agricultural economy. • Factors that made this possible: • 1. factories increased output • 2. textile mills • 3. lumber yards • 4. mines • 5. 1900 oil fields-130 times more oil than in 1860 • 6. Iron-10 times more • 7. steel-60 times more • “Captains of Industry”

17. Immigration • Between 1870-1900 number of Americans doubled • 38 mil to 76 mil • Immigrants contributed to growth • Before Civil War Immigrants came from northern Europe-British Isles, Germany, and Scandinavia. • Irish potato famine- 1 mil Irish • After Civil War-Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe. • By 1900-Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary. Made up ¾ of the pop. • Ellis Island- New York

18. Immigration-West Coast • Late 1800s-Asian Immigrants • Chinese Immigrants-California in late 1840s to find gold • Angel Island-San Francisco • Worked in Mines and R.Rs • 1900s-Japanese Immigrants • Anti Asian feelings-felt they were taking jobs from Americans • Discrimination • Banned Immigration-1882 Chinese exclusion Act-Examined every ten years • Repealed in 1943

19. Women’s Rights • Women demand political equality • 1850s- Lucretia Mott and Sojourner Truth • Suffragists-Women fight for right to vote. • National Woman Suffrage Organization (NWSA) • Elizabeth Cody Stanton and Susan B. Anthony-Wrote books, public speaking, testified before state legislatures to urge votes for women. • State level-Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah • 1918-women gained full suffrage in Western states, Michigan, Illinois, and New York • Woodrow Wilson pass 19th Amend. • 21 years of age the right to vote. • Congress ratified in 1920

20. Women’s Rights Women marching for the vote in NYC, 1912 Susan B. Anthony Voted illegally in 1872 election-fined $100 Founder of NWSA…along with Susan B. Anthony

21. Jim Crow laws Separate Theaters Separate waiting rooms Separate water fountains