The Expansion of the United States

1. The Expansion of the United States • The Louisiana Territory 1803. • Florida Adams-Onis Treaty 1819. • Maine and the Missouri Compromise 1820. • Monroe Doctrine issued in 1823. • Indian Removal 1838 . • Annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession 1820-1845. • John L. O’Sullivan coins term Manifest Destiny. 1845

2. Expansion Continued • Settling the Oregon Country 1846. • The California Gold Rush 1849. • Gadsden Purchase 1853.

3. The Louisiana Purchase • Jefferson purchased Louisiana from France at four cents per acre or 15 million dollars. Louisiana Purchase doubles the size of the United States. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are chosen to lead an expedition into the territory.

4. Lewis and Clark’s Expedition • Goals of the expedition • Report on geography,plants, animals, and other natural features. • Make contact with Native Americans. • See if a waterway existed between the Mississippi and Pacific Ocean.

5. Lewis and Clark

7. Lewis, Clark, Sacagawea, and York

9. Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty • Problems with Spanish Florida • American slaves from Georgia and Alabama are crossing into Florida to escape slavery • Seminole Indians in Spanish Florida are crossing into Georgia and Alabama and attacking U.S. settlements.

10. Florida and the Adams-Onis Treaty • 1817, Andrew Jackson is sent to Florida to recapture escaped slaves • Jackson recaptures slaves but also attacks a number of Seminole settlements and captures two Spanish towns. • Spain realizes that they cannot control Florida so they sell it to America for 5 million dollars.

11. Andrew Jackson

12. Adams-Onis Treaty 1. What problems did the United States have with Spanish Florida? 2. What can be inferred about Andrew Jackson based on his actions in Florida?

13. Maine and the Missouri Compromise. 1820 • 1819 The United States consists of 11 Free and 11 Slave states. • Missouri seeks admission into the Union threatening to offset the balance of “free”and “slave’ states. • Missouri Compromise- Henry Clay persuades congress to adopt the Missouri Compromise. It allows Maine into the Union as a “free” state and Missouri would be admitted as a “slave” state.

14. Maine and the Missouri Compromise • The compromise also establishes a line to be drawn across the Louisiana Territory to determine where slavery would be allowed and not allowed. • Southern slave owners would be given a clear right to pursue slaves into “free” regions and return them to slavery.

16. Missouri Compromise 3. Who was the President during the Missouri Compromise? 4. What do you think will happen when the United States acquires land west of the Louisiana Territory?

17. Monroe Doctrine 1823 • From 1810 to 1822 many Spanish colonies such as Mexico, countries in Latin America and Brazil gain independence from Spain. • France and Russia indicate that that they may help Spain regain these colonies. • This would threaten U.S and British trade interests in these countries.

18. Monroe Doctrine • Monroe issues a statement to Congress that the United States would not allow European nations to create colonies or interfere with free nations of Latin America. Any attempt to do so would be considered “dangerous to our peace and safety”

19. Monroe Doctrine 1823 • This enhances American influence of the United states in the region. • We made this statement knowing that Great Britain would support us in any conflict arising from this matter

20. Monroe Doctrine 5. Why did the United States and Britain want to protect the independent countries of Central or Latin America? 6. In what year was the Monroe Doctrine issued?

21. Could this man become president? • He had very little formal education • He had a violent past • He had trouble with spelling and grammar • Knew very little history or political science. • Understood very little mathematics or science.

22. Andrew Jackson • Good Things 1. Very popular among common people. 2. Brought common people into politics as officials and voters. • Bad Things 1. Often very stubborn. Ignored The Constitution. Fought the National Bankand Nullification. 2. Indian Removal. (Present day criticism)

23. Indian Removal 1825-1840 • Five Indian tribes occupy lands in the Southeast United States. 1. Creek 2. Choctaw 3. Chickasaw 4. Cherokee 5. Seminole

24. Indian Removal 1825-1840 • Americans want Indian land in the Southeast. The land is valuable for farming cotton and later gold would be discovered on some of the Cherokee land. • A series of treaties would be made in which the Indians would be forced off there native land and onto reservations in the West.

25. Indian Removal 1825-1840 • Americans at that time felt that Indians and Americans could not coexist peacefully so Many tribes would be forced off their land. Starting with the Creeks in 1827, The Cherokee, and Finally the Seminoles of Florida in 1840. Americans often used intimidation, force, and deceit when dealing with Indians.

26. Trail of Tears

27. Trail of Tears

28. Trail of Tears

29. Critical Thinking • You are waiting in line at a convenience store. The man in front of you appears to be of Native American descent. When the cashier gives this man his change he refuses to accept the twenty dollar bill and insists on receiving two ten dollar bills or four five dollar bills. What would explain this behavior?

30. Trail of Tears • After reading from you text p.355 to p.359 answer the following questions. 7. Why were the Indians relocated? 8. Who was the president that put into effect the Indian Removal Act of 1830? Why would many see this Act as an abuse of Power? 9. Where were the Southeastern Indians moved to in 1838? 10. What problems might they face on their new Land? 11. What can be done today to make up for this injustice in the past? 12. Why would the event be known as the Trail of Tears?

31. Annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession • 1820- Spanish Governor of Texas offers Moses Austin a land grant to colonize a small colony in Texas • Stephen Austin leads 300 settlers into Mexico’s Texas province. • Mexican government honors Austin’s claim under the condition that they become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism.

32. Annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession • Thousand of settlers flock to Texas. • Mexico ends Slavery in 1824. • Many do not convert and many bring slaves which was a violation of Mexico’s laws. • Mexico outlaws American settlement however Americans continue to move into Mexico.4/6/30 • 1833 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna becomes president and then dictator of Mexico.

33. Annexation of Texas and the Mexican Cession • 1836 Austin Urges Texans to declare Independence. • They fight and win independence in 1836. • Sam Houston becomes President of the Republic of Texas. • He wants the U.S. to annex Texas however this will take nearly a decade due to the fact that Texas would offset the balance of “free” and “slave” states.

34. Moses Austin Sam Houston Stephen Austin

35. The Alamo

36. The Alamo

37. The Alamo

38. The Mexican Cession • After the United states annexes Texas in 1845 a border dispute between the United states and Mexico leads to war. • The U.S. claims that the southern border of Texas was the Rio Grande while Mexico contends that the southern Border is at the Nueces River.

39. Border Dispute

40. Mexican Cession • After The United States defeats Mexico, the Treaty of Gaudalupe Hidalgo is signed. • In this treaty Mexico agreed to cede what is currently California, Nevada, and Utah, as well as parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico for $18million.

41. Mexican Cession

42. Mexican Cession • The debate over slavery will carry on into this territory and rage until the Civil War. • The Gadsden Purchase in 1853 will Complete Manifest Destiny.

43. Manifest Destiny Achieved • Term coined by John L. O’Sullivan in 1845 • Means “obvious destiny.” • We as a nation believed that we had a right to claim all the land from “Sea to Shining Sea” because our government and ideals were so righteous.

44. Manifest destiny What does this painting suggest about the artist’s feelings about Manifest Destiny ?

45. Settling the Oregon Country 1808-1846

46. Fur Traders Lead the Way • John Jacob Astor sent two trading companies into Oregon in 1808. • Established the American Fur Company at Fort Astor, now Astoria, Oregon. • One group sailed around S.America and another traveled via. Lewis and Clark’s route. • These men were the Mountain Men

47. Mountain Men Jedediah Smith attacked by a Grizzly That severely wounded him. Jim Bridger

48. The Oregon Trail • The first permanent settlers were missionaries such as Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. • Established Missions to serve the Cayuse Indians

49. Oregon Trail • Many that traveled to Oregon banded together for the 2,000 mile journey for protection. • Risked starvation, Indian attack, exposure, and disease. • Traveled as many as 15 hours per day. • Between 1840 and 1860, 50,000 people reached Oregon.

50. Life in the West • Very challenging. • Work was extremely hard developing farms. • Indian relations were not always good. • Many settlers were killed or returned east.