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The Wars of Independence

The Wars of Independence. 1810-1826. Immediate Influences. Creole Nationalism Frustration at “Institutionalized Discrimination” Enlightenment Influence How Much Influence Was the French Revolution? The Specter of Haiti The Real Catalyst: European Events. The Spanish Crisis, 1808-1810.

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The Wars of Independence

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  1. The Wars of Independence 1810-1826

  2. Immediate Influences • Creole Nationalism • Frustration at “Institutionalized Discrimination” • Enlightenment Influence • How Much Influence Was the French Revolution? • The Specter of Haiti • The Real Catalyst: European Events

  3. The Spanish Crisis, 1808-1810 • Background: The Napoleonic Wars • Spain as Napoleon’s “Satellite Kingdom” • Charles IV Abdicates • Joseph Bonaparte • The 1808 Revolutionary Junta • Fernando VII • The Cortes and the Constitution of 1812 • The Bourbon Reforms Remain in America

  4. The Movement for Independence in Spanish America • Response to the French Invasion of Spain • Peninsulare and Criollo Agendas • South American Rebellions • Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Chile—but not Peru • The “Liberators”—a Creole Elite • Father Miguel Hidalgo and Revolution in Mexico • September 16, 1810 • The Virgin of Guadalupe • The Sack of Guanajuato • Revolution from Below—And Those Who Fear It • Hidalgo’s Martyrdom

  5. The Independence Movements in South America • The Influence of Simón Bolívar in the North • Bolívar’s Ideology • Venezuela and New Granada • The Llaneros • Ferdinand and the 1820 Liberal Revolt in Spain • Sucre and Andean Warfare • San Martín and the Southern Cone • Bernardo O’Higgins and Chilean Independence • The Guayaquil Conference, July 1822 • Ayacucho and the Consolidation of Independence

  6. Postcolonial Blues • The Rise of the Caudillo • Caudillismo • Latin American Society in the Era of Independence • “The Same Priest on a Different Mule” • The Question of Slavery • Religion • Land Reform—or lack thereof • The Liberal-Conservative Split • Federal vs. Central • The Roots of Neocolonialism

  7. The Mexican Independence Movement after Hidalgo • José María Morelos • A Radical Vision for a New Mexico • Guerilla Warfare • Congress of Chilpancingo • The Spanish Counterinsurgency • A Violent Interlude • Once Again, Spanish Events Intrude

  8. The Consummation of Mexican Independence • Agustín de Iturbide & Vicente Guerrero • Plan de Iguala • The “Three Guarantees” • Independence Won • Treaty of Córdoba • The Legacy of the Wars of Independence • Emperor Agustín I and the Mexican Empire • Economic Crises

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