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Rome: An Introduction

Rome: An Introduction. Western Civilization Ms. Tully. The Founding of Rome. The Myth: Romulus and Remus (twins) abandoned by parents; nursed to health by she-wolf & raised by shepherd 753 BCE: decide to found city where wolf found them dispute over location --> Romulus kills Remus

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Rome: An Introduction

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  1. Rome: An Introduction Western Civilization Ms. Tully

  2. The Founding of Rome • The Myth: • Romulus and Remus (twins) • abandoned by parents; nursed to health by she-wolf & raised by shepherd • 753 BCE: decide to found city where wolf found them • dispute over location --> Romulus kills Remus • founds city, names it “Rome” after himself

  3. The Reality • small settlements around seven hills near Tiber River • tribes called “Latins” (from Plains of Latium) • separated by swampy marshland • isolated  vulnerable to attack • marshes needed to be drained (took years) • Roman towns formed alliances  manpower, resources, etc. • Romans learned the value of alliances early

  4. Influence of Etruscans • Early Italian tribe – basis for civilization in Italy • Pomerium – sacred boundary (Roman walls) • Alphabet • Fasces – symbol of political authority • Toga • Forum – influenced by Greek agora • Transformed Rome from villages to a city

  5. Rome’s first gov’t – seven Etruscan kings • Romulus (1st) • “Rape” of Sabine women • Ex. of centrality of marriage and legitimate birth for citizenship • Integration of non-Romans into culture • Tarquin the Proud • 7th and last king • Rape of Lucretia

  6. The Growth of Rome • Alliances helped to create army • 509 BCE: number of Roman wars with other tribes on Italian peninsula • resolution  Roman Republic! • ~ 500 – 340 BCE: series of wars with Gauls (modern day FR, GR, SWZ) and other Italian tribes

  7. The Spread of Roman Culture • Roman religious cults, mythology, drama spread through Italy • Rome spread not just through conquest, but also through diplomacy and assimilation • Oldest allies (Latin cities) got full citizenship • Some got citizenship, but could not vote or hold office • Paid taxes, under Roman rule  but had benefits of being Roman, ran their own affairs • Extensive system of roads tied Roman cultures together, both physically and symbolically • Consolidation vs. domination of Greek poleis • Extension of citizenship brought power

  8. Advantages to Rome • Built of several hills – difficult for enemies to attack • Tiber river allowed for resources to be brought in/transportation • In the middle of the Mediterranean sea – easy trade/communication

  9. Topography Alps Apennines Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Etna Sicily Sardinia Corsia

  10. Bodies of Water Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea

  11. Rivers Po Tiber

  12. Italian Cities Turin Genoa Parma Padua Venice Florence Pisa Perugia Rome Naples Syracuse Palermo Messina

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