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3-2-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Earthquakes Epicenter & Hypocenter

3-2-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Earthquakes Epicenter & Hypocenter. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=epicenter. http://withfriendship.com/user/sathvi/epicenter.php. Types of seismic waves. http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/earthsc202notes/quakes.htm. Magnitudes

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3-2-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Earthquakes Epicenter & Hypocenter

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  1. 3-2-3. Magnitude and Frequency of Earthquakes • Epicenter & Hypocenter http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=epicenter http://withfriendship.com/user/sathvi/epicenter.php

  2. Types of seismic waves http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/earthsc202notes/quakes.htm

  3. Magnitudes • Finding the Distance to the Epicenter and the Earthquake's Magnitude http://www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis/locating.html

  4. Richter Scale https://vle.whs.bucks.sch.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=13709

  5. (MMS: modified magnitude scale) http://jazinator.blogspot.kr/2014/02/a-magnitude-220-earthquake-star-wars.html

  6. 3-2-3. Earthquake Hazard • Primary vs. secondary • Primary – Directly from the shaking (causing rupture of the surfaces and destruction of the structures) • Secondary – From fire, flooding, tsunami, landslide etc. • Depends on • Distance from the epicenter (or focus) • Magnitude • Rigidity of the ground • Resistance of a building against quake • Population

  7. Relationship between near-surface earth material and amplification of shaking during a seismic event http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA8210.gif

  8. The part of the Cypress freeway structure in Oakland, California, that stood on soft mud (dashed red line) collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing 42 people. Adjacent parts of the structure (solid red) that were built on firmer ground remained standing. Seismograms (upper right) show that the shaking was especially severe in the soft mud. (Photograph by Lloyd S. Cluff) http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/

  9. From top left to bottom left (clockwise): Sichuan, China (2008), Kobe, Japan (1995), Sansalvador, Elsalvador (2001), Niikata, Japan (1964)

  10. 15 dealiest earthquakes Rank Death toll Location Date 1. 830,000 Shaanxi earthquake China January 23, 1556 2. 650,000–779,000 Tangshan earthquake China July 28, 1976 3. 273,400 Haiyuanearthquake China December 16, 1920 4. 316,000 Haiti earthquake Haiti January 12, 2010 5. 250,000–300,000 Antioch earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Turkey) May 526 6. 260,000 Antioch earthquake Roman Empire (now Turkey) December 13, 115 7. 230,000 Indian Ocean earthquake Indonesia December 26, 2004 8. 230,000 Aleppo earthquake Zengid dynasty (now Syria) October 11, 1138 9. 200,000 Hongdongearthquake Yuan Dynasty (now China) September 17, 1303 10. 200,000 Damghanearthquake Abbasid Caliphate (now Iran) December 22, 856 11. 200,000 Tabriz earthquake Iran January 8, 1780 12. 170,000 Udaipur earthquake India 896 13. 150,000 Ardabil earthquake Abbasid Caliphate (now Iran) March 23, 893 14. 142,807 Great Kanto earthquake Japan September 1, 1923 15. 130,000 Aleppo earthquake Byzantine Empire (now Syria) November 29, 533

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