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Counter Reformation. Early Responses. Even before Luther, recognition of the need to reform General Councils every decade More Canonizations. Response from the Catholic Church. Catholic Reformation Strong affirmation of Church’s teachings and structure Purification of corruption
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Early Responses • Even before Luther, recognition of the need to reform • General Councils every decade • More Canonizations
Response from the Catholic Church • Catholic Reformation • Strong affirmation of Church’s teachings and structure • Purification of corruption • Climaxed at Council of Trent
Reform Minded Popes • Pope Pius X • Clement VII • Paul III Pope Pius X (trend setter with his beard)
Pope Leo X • 1513-1531 • Politically driven • Supporter of the arts • Gambling problem • Did one thing right: created Oratory for Divine Love
Oratory of Divine Love • Committed Catholic Leaders • Spiritual welfare of the Church • Tried to heal division between Lutheranism and Catholicism • Resistance from both sides
Pope Paul III • Revitalized College of Cardinals • 1537 Report • Commissioned Jesuits • Called Council of Trent Paul II was sort of like the Winston Churchill of his day
Council of Trent • Acknowledge need to fix corruption • Recognize Church is not what Jesus intended • Reaffirm teachings handed on • 7 sacraments • Transubstantiation • Purgatory and indulgences • Magisterium operating at its fullness
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Founded in 1540 • St. Ignatius of Loyola • Spread Catholic education • Militant style • Open schools in Europe, Asia, South America, and North America