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Effects of Spirituality on Women’s Parenting Sense of Competence

Effects of Spirituality on Women’s Parenting Sense of Competence. Chauna Brocht, Bernadette Fackovec, Tiffany Hardy, Melissa Kline, Mary Olisa, Renee VanMeter and Jessie Walker University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Social Work December 20, 2004. Introduction. 3/03 Census report:

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Effects of Spirituality on Women’s Parenting Sense of Competence

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  1. Effects of Spirituality on Women’s Parenting Sense of Competence Chauna Brocht, Bernadette Fackovec, Tiffany Hardy, Melissa Kline, Mary Olisa, Renee VanMeter and Jessie Walker University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Social Work December 20, 2004

  2. Introduction

  3. 3/03 Census report: • 75,596 Families in America. • Almost 47% have children under 18 at home. Barna Research Archive (2000/2001): • 3 out of 5 adults (60%) say they are “deeply spiritual.” • A little over 1/3 of adults report to be “searching for meaning and purpose in life.” • 78% of teens say their parents have a lot of influence on their life.

  4. Background and Significance

  5. Marital Relations Personality Belsky’s Process Model of the Determinants of Parenting Social Network Developmental History Parenting Child Characteristics Work Child Development Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development. 55, 83-98.

  6. Belsky’s Process Model of the Determinants of Parenting Developmental History Personality Parenting

  7. Gibaud-Wallston and Wandersman (1978). Development and utility of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale. Parenting self-esteem • Perceived satisfaction and efficacy. Parenting self-efficacy • Expectations of coping.

  8. Spirituality • Spirituality or faith “is developed within the context of a care-giving relationship during childhood” (Snider, 2004, p.490). • Transcendence and interdependence; correlation between an individual’s spirituality level and their feelings of being generally alive, purposeful, and fulfilled(Ellison, 1983). • “...who we are and how we know the world and this is integral to an education for meaning, social justice, character, depth, and wisdom” (Tobin, 2004, p.39).

  9. Existing Literature • “There is an existing association between spirituality, health, illness and well-being” (Pediatrics, 2003, p.20). • “Greater parenting spirituality leads to more cohesive family relationships” (Bogan, 2004, p. 129).

  10. “The relationship between parent spirituality and parenting of adolescents have consistently demonstrated that spirituality was associated with positive parenting behaviors and parent-adolescent relationship qualities, such as increased warmth” (Snider, 2004, p.489).

  11. Gap in Research There is little research on the relationship between spiritual well-being and parenting competence.

  12. Study Aims Investigate the relationship , if any, between spirituality and parenting competence.

  13. Hypothesis There is a positive correlation between parenting competence and level of spirituality.

  14. Methods • Sample • Measures • Procedure

  15. Sample • Sample of convenience. • 156 valid surveys. • The majority of the respondents were Caucasian, married, and between the ages of 18 to 68 (Mean age = 41 years).

  16. Measures • Demographic questions. • Alcohol use questions and childhood experience questions. • Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). • Spiritual Well - Being (SWB) Scale.

  17. Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Gibaud-Walston & Wandersman, 1978 The PSOC scale has 2 sub-scales: • Skills/Knowledge - measures the perception of the degree to which a parent believes he or she has acquired the skills and understanding to be a good parent. • Valuing/Comfort - assesses the degree to which a parent is comfortable in the parenting role and the value they place upon that role.

  18. PSOC • 17 statements to which the respondent can indicate their degree of agreement on a given six-point scale that spans from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (6). • Internal consistency reliability for both subscales ; convergent and discriminant validity. • Originally the PSOC scale was intended for use with parents of young children. • Utility of PSOC with parents of older children proven effective; scale used for parents of children of all ages.

  19. Spiritual Well-Being (SWB)Ellison, 1983 The SWB scale has 2 sub-scales: • Religious Well- Being (RWB) Scale: “well- being in relation to God” (Ellison, 1983, p.331). • Existential Well –Being (EWB) Scale: “a sense of life-purpose and satisfaction, with no reference to anything specifically religious” (Ellison, 1983, p.331).

  20. SWB • 20 brief statements to which the respondent can indicate their degree of agreement on a given six-point scale, spanning from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (6). • High reliability and good face validity. • Some recent concerns regarding psychometric properties • Multi-denominational? • More complex in nature?

  21. Procedure • Part of a larger study. • 22 graduate students’ Pilot -tested the survey. • The survey was submitted to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and received an exemption. • Students administered the survey and input collected data into SPSS 11.0 shell. • Students cleaned the data as a class. • Statistical tests were run in SPSS 11.0 to obtain mean scores, standard deviations, and Pearson’s r2 value.

  22. Results

  23. Mean Scores • Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) Global score mean = 45.09. • The Spiritual Well- Being (SWB) Global score mean = 43.58.

  24. Standard Deviation • Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) standard deviation = 9.883. • Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) standard deviation = 17.038.

  25. Pearson’s r Test • The correlation between Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) and Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) indicates that r = .261. • This result is significant at the .01 level with a 2 tailed test.

  26. Discussion

  27. Discussion • Results of study support the research hypothesis. • There is a positive correlation between level of spirituality and a parent’s sense of competency. • No indication of causation.

  28. Strengths • Reliability and validity of PSOC scale and SWB scale were pre-established. • PSOC scale determined useful with parents of older children. • Thorough pilot-testing resulted in invaluable feedback.

  29. Limitations • Sensitive nature of survey questions. • Large number of incomplete and invalid surveys. • Sample was not representative of general population.

  30. Implications Further research • Is age a factor? • Include fathers and guardians. • Child specific. Social Work Practice • Holistic approach to client assessment and interventions. • Additional parenting interventions and clinical strategies.

  31. Questions?

  32. Effects of Spirituality on Women’s Parenting Sense of Competence Chauna Brocht, Bernadette Fackovec, Tiffany Hardy, Melissa Kline, Mary Olisa, Renee VanMeter and Jessie Walker University of Maryland, Baltimore School of Social Work December 20, 2004

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