By: Kelly Ferguson and Brian Wilson

1. Assistive Technology By: Kelly Ferguson and Brian Wilson

2. WHAT IS ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY? Assistive technology is technology used by individuals with disabilities in order to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible.

3. Communication Aids Speech and Augmentative Communication Aids • Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) involves alternate methods of communicating needs, feelings, ideas, and perceptions through the use of electronic and non-electronic devices that provide a means for expressive and receptive communication for persons with limited or no speech. • communication boards - light pointers • speech synthesizers - mouth sticks • text-to-speech software and hardware - signal systems • head wands - telephony equipment, etc. Writing and Typing Aids • tactile devices - word prediction/completion • spelling device Software • Braille devices - modified typewriters • note taking devices - portable typewriters, etc.

4. Communication Board

5. Computer Access Aids • Hardware and software products that enables persons with disabilities to access, interact with, and use computers at home, work or school. • modified or alternate keyboards • switches activated by pressure • touch screens • special software • voice to text software, etc.

6. Computer Access Aids Cont. Alternative Input Devices • Includes: • alternative and adaptive keyboards • expanded keyboards • Keyguards • alternative & ergonomic mouse/pointing systems • head-operated pointing devices • Eyeglaze pointing devices • mouth/tongue pointing devices • Morse code input devices • brain-actuated pointing devices • switches • touch screens • voice input systems • speech-to-text software • voice recognition/voice command software • dictation software • on-screen keyboards • cursor enlargement software • ergonomic computer-based equipment • \

7. Computer Access Aids Cont. Alternative Output Devices • Computer-based output devices that generally enable Blind and Vision impaired persons to use or interact with a computer. • Includes: • Braille display/output devices • Braille embosser/printers • screen reading software • screen magnification/enlargement software • large print monitor, etc. Accessible Software • Includes: • software applications adapted for children and adults with disabilities • operating system accessibility options • accessible web browsers, etc. Universal Design • Design methods, techniques and guidelines for making computers and their applications fully accessible to people with disabilities.

8. Daily Living Aids • Self-help devices that assist persons with disabilities in daily living activities. • Such as: • dressing • personal hygiene • bathing • home maintenance • cooking • eating etc.

9. Includes: • Reachers - specialized spoons for self-feeding • adaptive clothing - bathtub seats, etc. • modified eating utensils - grooming • adapted books • pencil holders • dressing aids • adapted personal hygiene aids • bathing accessories • feeding accessories • feeding devices, • grab bars/grips/handles • Grooming • Hygiene • incontinent supplies • mechanical transfer lift • shower/bath chair • toileting accessories • transfer board • wheeled bath chair/commode • time management aids

10. Education and Learning Aids • Cognitive Aids • Includes: • cognitive software focusing on categorization • matching • association • reasoning • decision making • problem solving • memory skills • perceptual skills • talking word processing • word prediction/completion software • cognitive retraining or rehabilitation tools, etc. • Early Intervention Aids

11. Environmental Aids • Environmental and structural adaptations that remove or reduce physical barriers for individuals with disabilities. Environmental adaptations usually involve building construction, engineering and architecture, but also include environmental controls and switches that can control an entire living environment.

12. Ergonomic Equipment • Low-tech assistive equipment or devices designed to reduce the likelihood of repetitive stress injuries often associated with work related situations. • Includes: • adjustable workstations • industrial workstations • office workstations • adapted furniture • writing aids • modified seating and lighting • arm/wrist supports • back supports, etc.

13. Hearing and Listening Aids • Products designed to assist the Deaf and Hearing Impaired. • Includes: • assistive listening devices • hearing aids • infrared/personal amplification systems • audio/FM loop systems • FM amplification systems • TV amplifiers • TV decoders • visual signaling and alerting systems • tactile alerting systems • telephony and accessories • text telephones • TDDs/TTYs devices • adapted phones, etc. • Does not generally include products intended to facilitate computer access and usage.

14. Mobility and Transportation Aids • Products that help mobility impaired persons move within their environment and give them independence in personal transportation. • Includes: • standing/walking aids - strollers • transfer aids - travel chairs • stair lifts - wheelchair trays • Walkers - driving controls • Scooters - seat belts • wheelchairs and three-wheeled chairs - vehicle conversions • adapted bikes and Trikes - patient and wheelchair lifts • car seats/bed - wheelchair loaders/carriers • Stretchers - recliners • patient chairs - wheelchair restraint systems, etc. • Ramps

15. Mobility and Transportation Aids Ambulatory Aids • Includes: • canes • cane accessories • crutches • walkers • walker accessories, etc. Scooters and Power Chairs Wheelchairs Vehicle Conversions • Includes : • car-top carriers • custom cars and vans • adaptive driving control • hand-controls • child restraint systems • ramps • lifts, etc.

16. Prosthetics and Orthotics • Replacement, substitution or augmentation of missing or malfunctioning body parts with artificial limbs or other orthotic aids. • Includes: • splints • braces • foot orthosis • helmets • restraints • supports, etc.

17. Recreation and Leisure Aids • Products that help persons with disabilities to participate in sports, social, cultural events. • Includes: • modified sports equipment for skiing/biking/running/boating • audio description for movies • adaptive controls for video games • adaptive fishing rods • cuffs for grasping paddles or racquets • seating systems for boats, etc. • Common sub-categories are: • Sports Aids • Toys and Games • Travel Aids

18. Seating and Positioning Aids • Products that provide mobility impaired persons with greater body stability, maintain upright posture, provide trunk/head support and reduction of pressure to the skin. • Includes: • adapted and modular seating • cushions and wedges • contour seats • lumbar support seats • standing tables • positioning belts • braces • wheelchair modifications and cushions • seat lifts • bolster chairs • corner chairs • therapeutic seats • postural support hardware • postural support systems • pressure monitors, etc.

19. Vision and Reading Aids • Products designed to assist the Blind and Visually impaired. • Includes: • auditory and speech output devices • reading machines • scanning/document reading systems • OCR systems • electronic book readers • talking equipment (clocks/watches, calculators, etc.) • Braille devices • Braille transcription and translation devices • screen magnifier/enlarger • closed circuit television (CCTV) for magnifying documents • book holders • manual and electric page turners • large button phones • speaker phones • large print books • taped/audio books, etc.

20. Services • Support services for people with disabilities or their caregivers to help them select, acquire, or use adaptive devices. • Includes: • functional evaluations • training on or demonstration of devices • purchasing or leasing devices

21. Videos • Sound Beam Part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjkRIoHVc8U&feature=related • Sound Beam Part 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HjkRIoHVc8U&feature=related

22. Laws Behind Assistive Technology • IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (P.L. 101-476) • 1990 revision of P.L. 94-142, Education of the Handicapped Act • Provides for a free, appropriate, public education for children with disabilities ages 5-21 • Amended in 1986 to include children between 3 and 5 years of age • When it was re-authorized in 1990, IDEA included definitions for assistive technology devices and services as part of the list of related services that should be made available to students with disabilities.

23. IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act • Under IDEA , assistive technology may be provided as part of special education, as a related service, or as a supplementary service. If it is determined that assistive technology is needed by a student to meet IEP (Individual Education Plan) goals, the school district must provide the assistive devices, plus any services (such as training) that the student needs in order to use the technology.

24. IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act • The Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act (P.L. 100-407), is intended to extend the availability of assistive technology to individuals with disabilities and their families. Funds were appropriated to develop a consumer-responsive statewide service delivery system in each state. These systems should currently be available in every state.

25. Qualifications of IDEA • If a student does not qualify for services under IDEA , but has a handicap, the student is protected under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 99-506), which is a 1986 amended version of the original law of 1973. • Each school district's Section 504 services must address the assistive technology needs of students if these needs are not covered under IDEA .

26. Goals • The goal in using assistive technology is to allow those with disabilities to function as best as possible as any able person would throughout the day in work, socializing, entertainment and daily tasks. • Specifically, the goal with assistive technology in music is to allow the disabled to perform, compose and interact with music as best as possible through the use of software, special devices and other technologies.

27. Assistive Technology in the Music Classroom • As in any general classroom, assistive technology allows students to complete assignments and participate using different means than able students.

28. Applying Assistive Technology • Organization • Outline function on word processing software • Note Taking • Optical character recognition • Software that translates typewritten material into computer readable text using a scanner. • Videotaping class sessions for review • Laptops or portable keyboard

29. Applying Assistive Technology Cont. • Writing assistance • Word processors • Grammar/spellcheckers • Dictionaries • Thesaurus • Editing capabilities • Micros – allows keystrokes to be recorded and used over and over • Word prediction software • Access to Reference Materials • Computer based article databases

30. Applying Assistive Technology Cont. • Cognitive Assistance • Applications with tutorials, drill and practice • Multimedia CD-ROM’s • Material Modifications • Authoring software • Teachers can create instructional software with video, pictures, animation and text. • Creating MIDI and mp3 files of parts of band music. • Different tempos for practice. • Braille music

31. Applying Assistive Technology Cont. • Additional Materials • Create a videotape of students playing passages (with a close-up on fingerings) while the band director points to the music that is being played. • Practice recordings • Video of sign language for the lyrics

32. Music Software • Fractunes™ is a music driven program which generates vivid on-screen colored images that change in direct response to the notes that are played. With this program, an environment is designed in which participants can access and create their own visual and auditory experiences. Music signals are created by an Omnichord™ and an electronic piano keyboard. As the player touches these highly responsive instruments, a sensitive cause-effect relationship is established. Compositions can also be imported from notation software to be played back, creating changing visual images.

33. Fractunes™ • manufactured by Bourbaki, Inc. • PO Box 2867 • Boise, ID 83701 • 800/289-1347 • cost: approx. $89 • compatible with IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2, DOS 2.0 or higher; requires 1 floppy and 1 hard drive; EGA or VGA video display card required; pointing device that is 100% software compatible with Microsoft Mouse driver version 6.0 or later is recommended; supports the following MIDI cards: Music Quest or Roland MPU-401; Creative Labs Sound Blaster Card; AdLib FM Sound Card; IBM Music Card • upon receiving music input, creates changing visual images on-screen

34. Music Software • Switch Ensemble™ is a music performance program written specifically for individuals with special needs. It provides a variety of music-making activities for students with a broad range of physical and cognitive abilities, and is age-appropriate for students from early childhood through high school. • Switch Ensemble allows groups of students with mixed abilities to play music together in a cooperative setting. • Each student works at an individual level, while contributing to the overall performance. Besides the computer keyboard, alternate input devices (joystick, TouchWindow ™, single switches) can be used; these devices become musical instruments which are highly motivating for developing cognitive skills and motor control.

35. Switch Ensemble™ • Switch In Time • 101 Clay St. • Cambridge, MA 02140 • cost: approx. $200 • compatible with Apple IIgs, ROM version 01 or higher; needs 1 megabyte memory • can use IIgs sound or external MIDI device • ready to plug in and play; has a variety of activities; uses quality IIgs sound

36. Music Software • Multimedia software may provide a way to adapt the computer to the needs of individual students. HyperStudio®, for example, allows students and teachers to create projects that include visuals, animation, and sound recording/playback. • It is possible to make listening maps, interactive music worksheets, or song sheets that help students actively participate in their music education.

37. HyperStudio® • available through your favorite software distributer • cost: approx. $120 and up • compatible with Mac • easy to use; has many possibilities for combining music with visual images

38. Music Software • Making Music develops children's knowledge of pitch, rhythm, melody, and musical instruments by presenting the components of music visually and orally. The program includes a composer, melody and rhythm maker, building blocks, flip book, and games. Reading is not required.

39. Making Music Software Making Music • Forest Technologies735-A Industrial DriveCary, IL 60112Tel: 1-800-544-3356Fax: 1-847-428-1310Web: http://www.foresttech.com

40. Music Software • GOODFEEL 3 is a program that transcribes music into Braille for vision-impaired students. • It quickly transcribes to Braille from Finale, Sibelius and other popular music notation software. • It allows a non-specialist to function as a Braille music transcriber.

41. Making Music Software GOODFEEL 3 • Dancing Dots1754 Quarry LaneP.O. Box 927Valley Forge, PA 19482-0927Voice: 610 783-6692, Fax: 610 783-6732 • dancingdots.com

42. Music Software • E-Scape is a music software for performance and composition which has been developed by Drake Music in response to the needs of disabled musicians or students who cannot be catered for by other technology. • E-Scape can be used to compose music or to perform music in many different ways. You can write your own music, import MIDI files from the internet and arrange or perform these pieces. E-Scape can be operated by switches, or by MIDIcreator, Soundbeam, keyboards or drum pads.

43. Making Music Software E-Scape • Drake Music,The Deptford Albany,Douglas Way,Deptford,London,SE8 4AG • drakemusicproject.org

44. Limits of Assistive Technology • Though assistive technology helps disabled people participate despite their disabilities, it cannot help everything. • Examples: • Amplification can’t help the completely deaf. • People with certain disabilities (limited mobility and movement, extreme cognitive difficulties) may not be able to participate in ensembles. • Software doesn’t always reproduce the same sort of experience that able people experience.

45. Video • Lukas Bratcher • http://www.edutopia.org/assistive-technology-lukas-bratcher

46. Visuals • Font Choice • Bold • Color • Size • Layout

47. ISU Library Resources • Braille • Large print books • Magnifiers • Adjustable Workstations • Enlarged monitors

48. Sources • http://music.utsa.edu/tdml/conf-II/II-Farnan&Johnson.html • http://rise.educ.msu.edu/ClsrmTools_CAC-practicum.htm • http://www.washington.edu/accessit/articles?109 • http://www.rehabtool.com/at.html • http://www.e-advisor.us/kelsoPPT.php?fontsize=normal&hicontrast= • http://www.bluevalleyk12.org/EdServices/student_services/assistivetech.cfm • http://www.teachervision.fen.com/assistive-technology/teaching-methods/3791.html

49. Accommodations

50. Things to add: • Things to add: • Garage band • Synthesizes/loop software • Legos