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World War I The Great War

World War I The Great War. Starts : August, 1914 Ends : November, 1918 25 million people lost their lives. WWI quotes. “The war to end all wars” - Woodrow Wilson “The war fought to make the world safe for democracy” - Woodrow Wilson. Important dates for WW I.

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World War I The Great War

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  1. World War IThe Great War Starts: August, 1914 Ends: November, 1918 25 million people lost their lives

  2. WWI quotes... • “The war to end all wars” - Woodrow Wilson • “The war fought to make the world safe for democracy”-Woodrow Wilson

  3. Important dates for WW I. • June, 1914-The Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated • August, 1914 - World War I starts • March, 1917- Russian Revolution • April, 1917- U.S. enters the war • Nov, 1918 - The armistice(Cease-fire)

  4. Essential Questions: • 1. What were the causes of WWI? • 2. How did the US respond? • 3. Why did the US eventually declare war? • 4. How did the US mobilize for the war? • 5. What was Wilson’s vision for a post war world? Which ideas were included in the Treaty of Versailles? • 6. What effects did US involvement have at home? • 7.What repressive actions by the gov. were taken during the war?

  5. The M.A.I.N. causes of WWI... • Militarism…Weapons • Alliances…Secret • Imperialism…Economic • Nationalism…Pride

  6. June, 1914 -“The torch that set the world afire with war”... • Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire is assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia

  7. The assassin…Gavrilo Princip • A Serbian nationalist trained in Serbia • The “Black Hand”…

  8. The assassination

  9. Princip is captured

  10. The funeral of Archduke Franz & Sofia Ferdinand

  11. The chain of events… • AFF assassinated in Bosnia • AH blames Serbia • AH makes harsh demands of Serbia • AH asks Germany for support continued >>>

  12. The chain of events... • Germany responds with the “blank check” … • Russia is allied with Serbia and mobilizes • Fearing a two front war Germany launches a plan

  13. The Von Schlieffen Plan • Germany’s plan was to hold the line against Russia (Dec. of War) • Germany was then to attack France • Germany marches through Belgium which brings Great Britain into the war

  14. Austro-Hungarian Empire Germany Ottoman Empire Russia Serbia Belgium France Great Britain Italy Japan United States Central Powers v. Allied Powers

  15. America’s response… • President Wilson’s message… • Preparedness Movement- US should be ready for anything (Civilian Training) • Factors encouraging American sympathy for the Allies – Trade, Money in Loans, and Cultural Ties Ex. Great Britain • Why did some Americans support Germany?…

  16. America’s response… • The factors encouraging contempt for Germany… • Allied Propaganda • Cutting of the Trans- Atlantic Cable by Great Britain • They were an Autocracy under Kaiser Wilhelm II

  17. Violation of “freedom of the seas” • Germany’s violation of “freedom of the seas” • U-Boat blockade of GB • Great Britain’s violation of “freedom of seas” • GB blockade of Germany

  18. HMS Dreadnought

  19. “Unrestricted Submarine Warfare”... • The sinking of the Lusitania May, 1915… • The Uncivilized U-Boats • Wilson’s diplomatic response…Harsh Words

  20. Burying the dead from the Lusitania

  21. The election of 1916 • Woodrow Wilson (D) vs Charles Evan Hughes (R) • Wilson has pushed for US neutrality, but were we neutral? • “He kept us out of war” • Wilson Wins!

  22. Reasons for American entry into WW I … • Germany Resumes Unrestricted Submarine Warfare... • The Zimmerman Note(March,1917) German Letter to Mexico

  23. The Russian Revolution(1917) • The Russian government under Tsar Nicholas… • Bolshevik Revolution (March, 1917)... Reds • Alexander Kerensky...Whites • Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky (Nov, 1917)...

  24. President Wilson delivers his War Message to Congress April 2, 1917

  25. The U.S. Declares WarApril 6, 1917 • President Wilson requests a declaration of war • Senate approves 82 - 6 to declare war • The House votes 373 - 50 to declare war

  26. Raising the Manpower • “Woefully unprepared”… • The Selective Service Act- Draft • American Expeditionary Force (AEF) • “Doughboys”- US Troops nickname • General John Pershing led the AEF

  27. WWI: African Americans • Many were forced to work behind the lines jobs • The 369th Harlem Hellfighters fought with the French • US Troops were segregated black and white

  28. A.E.F. – “Doughboys”

  29. The Convoy System

  30. General “Blackjack” Pershing

  31. Alvin York • Conscientious Objector • Meuse-Argonne • Killed 25 Germans • With help captured 32 more

  32. Fighting on the western front 1914 to 1917... “the most gigantic, tenacious, grim, futile and bloody fight ever waged in the history of war.”…David Lloyd George

  33. The Western Front France • Trench- Warfare • No man’s land • Stalemate • New and more powerful weapons

  34. In the trenches…

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