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AP Unit I C 2,3

AP Unit I C 2,3. Conservative forces. A) Students should understand the concept of a conservative force so they can:- (4) Write an expression for the force exerted by an ideal spring and for the potential energy of a stretched or compressed spring.

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AP Unit I C 2,3

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  1. AP Unit I C 2,3 Conservative forces

  2. A) Students should understand the concept of a conservative force so they can:- • (4) Write an expression for the force exerted by an ideal spring and for the potential energy of a stretched or compressed spring. • (5) Calculate the potential energy of one or more objects in a gravitational field.

  3. I C 3 • A) Students should understand the concepts of mechanical energy and of total energy so they can • (2) Describe and identify situations in which mechanical energy is converted to other forms of energy. • (3) Analyze situations in which an object’s mechanical energy is changed by friction or by a specified externally applied force.

  4. B) Students should understand conservation of energy, so they can: • (1) Identify situations in which mechanical energy is or is not conserved. • (2)Apply conservation of energy in analyzing the motion of systems of connected objects, such as Atwood’s machine. • (3) Apply conservation of energy in analyzing the motion of objects that move under the influence of springs (horizontal and vertical)

  5. 2.(4) Springs series and parallel • Springs in series, extension is doubled Springs in parallel, extension is halved.

  6. 2. (5) Potential Energy U • Gravitational Potential Energy • Ug = mgh • Spring Potential energy • Us = ½ F x = ½ k x2

  7. 3. A)(2) Roller Coaster • Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and vice versa.

  8. 3. a) (3) Braking • Car mass 3 500.0 kg brakes from 60.0 m/s to 30.0 m/s over a distance of 2.00 km. Calculate force applied by brakes.

  9. 3.b)(1) Swinging Pendulum • Potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and vice versa.

  10. 3.b)(2) Atwood machine • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/atwd.html    a = {(M - m)/(M + m)}g FT= (M + m)a = FM - Fm = (Mg-mg) = g(M-m) T T m mg M Mg

  11. 3. B) (3) Oscillating Horizontal and vertical springs. • Spring potential Energy is transferred in the form of kinetic energy • ½ kx2 = ½ mv2

  12. Forces on a slope N = mg cos θ Fparallel = mg sin θ θ θ Fperpendicular = mg cos θ mg

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