Review Study Guide Section 1

1. Review Study Guide Section 1 1. TAKE OUT YOUR STUDY GUIDES FOR A STAMP. 2. TAKE OUT A DIFFERENT COLOR PEN THAN THE ONE YOU WROTE IN.

2. NewStandard 2 MINUTES7.4.4 TRACE THE GROWTH OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IN GOVERNMENT, TRADE, AND ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN WEST AFRICA.

3. New Standard 7.4.4 TRACE THE GROWTH OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE IN GOVERNMENT, TRADE, AND ISLAMIC SCHOLARSHIP IN WEST AFRICA.Trace: TO FOLLOW OR STUDY OUT IN DETAIL OR STEP BY STEPgovernment: THE ORGANIZATION THAT MAKES AND CARRIES OUT THE LAWS FOR A GIVEN AREA.scholarship: EDUCATION

4. Study Guide 1. What was the main cause of Ghana becoming a powerful state (pg. 130)?Answer: The main cause of Ghana becoming a powerful state was that they gained control of the valuable trade routes which had previously been controlled by the Berbers. 2. Where specifically was the ancient empire of Ghana located (pgs. 130-131)?Answer: The ancient empire of Ghana was located in West Africa in between the Niger and Senegal Rivers.

5. Study Guide

6. Study Guide 3. (Short Answer) What actions did the early Soninke farmers take to create a strong state (pgs. 130-131)? Answer:The Soninke farmers took many actions to create a strong state. Firstly, they banded together to protect themselves from the nomadic herders who wanted to take their water and pastures. Next they improved their farming techniques through the use of iron tools. They also were able to use iron to make weapons such a spears and blades. These are some of the actions that the Soninke farmers took which helped them develop a strong state and allowed them to increase the population of their state.

7. Soninke Warriors

8. Study Guide 4. What were the region’s most valuable trade goods, where did they come from, and why were they so desirable? (pg. 131) Answer: One of the resources was gold, which came from the south, or more specifically, mines near the Gulf of Guinea and along the Niger River. It was valued for its beauty. The other resource was salt, which came from the Sahara Desert in the north. Salt was needed to preserve food and make bland (boring) food tasty.

9. Study Guide 5. What is silent barter and why was it used (pg. 132)? Answer: Silent barter was a trade process trade in which the two parties trading never met face-to-face. It was used to ensure peaceful trading and that the location of the gold mines would remain a secret. 6. What were the two purposes of Ghana’s army (pg. 133-134)?Answer: Ghana’s army protected the trade routes from bandits and conquered more lands.

10. Study Guide 7. (Short Answer) How did Ghana’s rulers raise money to fund their army (pg. 133)? Answer: Ghana’s rulers raised money to fund the army through various methods. One way in which they raised money was by taxing the traders on the goods they brought in and took out of Ghana. They also taxed the people of Ghana and any neighboring tribes the conquered. Finally, they kept a great deal of the gold which was mined in Ghana and did not allow anyone to own gold nuggets. This is how Ghana’s rulers raised the money necessary to fund the growth of the army.

11. Study Guide 8. (Short Answer) What were the three major factors which contributed to Ghana’s decline (pgs. 134-135)?

12. Answer: There were three major factors which contributed to Ghana’s decline. The first factor was the invasion by the Almoravids. Despite not ruling over Ghana for a long period of time, they significantly weakened the empire by cutting off trade routes and forming new trade partnerships with Muslim rulers. Another factor in Ghana’s decline was a direct result of the Almoravid invasion, namely, overgrazing. The Almoravids brought large herds of animals with them which ate all the grass in certain areas. Once the grass was gone the wind blew the soil away creating land unsuitable for farming or grazing. Subsequently, many farmers left Ghana. Rebellion was the final undoing of the empire of Ghana. The people that Ghana had conquered rose up and rebelled against the rulers of Ghana, eventually taking it over. They could not keep order in the empire, though, and the empire was attacked and fell apart.

13. Overgrazing

14. Overgrazing

15. Overgrazing

16. Overgrazing

17. Overgrazing

18. Overgrazing

19. Study Guide 9. Why did the Almoravids attack Ghana (pg. 134)Answer: The Almoravid’s attacked Ghana because they wanted to force its leaders to convert to Islam.

20. Muslim Influence Jigsaw Turn to page 155 in your TCI (RED) Books.

21. Muslim Influence Jigsaw 10 Minutes 1. For your section you are responsible to take notes on (bullet points): a. Things that changed. b. Things that stayed the same. 2. In 10 Minutes you will teach your partners what you have learned.

22. Muslim Influence Jigsaw Teach your group members what you have learned by speaking it to them slowly so that they can write it down in their notes. Every group member should have all 6 items (separately titled) in their notes: Religion, Government, Law, Education, Language, Architecture, and Arts.

23. Muslim Influence Jigsaw Review Slide

24. Essential Question #3 3. WHAT COULD THE EMPIRE OF GHANA OR MALI (ONLY HAVE TO CHOOSE 1) HAVE DONE DIFFERENTLY TO AVOID THEIR DECLINE? (YOU CAN USE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OR OUTSIDE KNOWLEDGE TO BACK UP YOUR ANSWER.)

25. Chapter 6 Study Guide, Section 2 Complete Chapter 6 Study Guide, Section 2.