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Hog Unit

Hog Unit. 11 th -12 th Grade. Essential Questions. What are 5 breeds of hogs? What is the proper terminology used in Hog Production. Swine Facts. 75% of all hogs are produced in the Corn Belt. 60% of hogs are raised in confinement. 12-13% of hogs are raised under contract.

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Hog Unit

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  1. Hog Unit 11th -12th Grade

  2. Essential Questions • What are 5 breeds of hogs? • What is the proper terminology used in Hog Production.

  3. Swine Facts • 75% of all hogs are produced in the Corn Belt. • 60% of hogs are raised in confinement. • 12-13% of hogs are raised under contract. • Swine are the 2nd largest livestock produced in the United States • 8 Major Breeds of Swine in the United States.

  4. Swine Facts • Litter Size: 7-15 pigs • Birth Weight: 2-3.5 lbs • Weaned: 21 Days • Sexual Maturity: 6-8 Months • Gestation: 114 Days (3months, 3weeks, 3days) • Ideal Number of Teats: 7 per side

  5. Terminal Swine Breeds • Used for: • Fast Growth • Feed Efficiency • Durability • Leanness • Always will be a Dark Breed of Swine

  6. Maternal Breeds • Used for: • Reproductive Ability • Mothering Ability • Litter Size • Milking ability • Always a White Breed

  7. Swine States • Top 6 leading states in Hog Production: 1st Iowa 2nd Illinois 3rd Indiana 4th North Carolina 5th Minnesota 6th Nebraska

  8. Top Swine Producing Countries • Top 5 Swine Producing Countries. • China • European Union • United States • Brazil • Canada

  9. Swine Industry 1st Meat Industry: Raised for their meat products. 2nd Breeding Industry: Raised for Purebred operations

  10. Piglets • Piglets: Young swine or baby pigs.

  11. Barrow • Barrow: Male castrated at a young age.

  12. Gilt • Gilt: Young female who has not had pigs.

  13. Sow • Sow: Older female who has had pigs.

  14. Boar • Boar: A male hog.

  15. Cull Sow • Grown female sold for slaughter. • Poor physical make up. • Old

  16. Runt Pig • Small or weak pig in litter.

  17. Yield • % of the carcass in 4 lean cuts.

  18. Tail Docking • Clipping the tail of the pigs when they are born. • Safety for the pigs so they will not eat each other.

  19. Needle Teeth • Have 8 needle teeth when born. • Sharp and must be removed for safety of the pigs.

  20. Farrowing • Giving birth to pigs.

  21. Parity • Number of times a sow has given birth.

  22. Parturition • Act of giving birth.

  23. Dystocia • Slow or difficult labor or delivery.

  24. Standing Heat • Sow or Gilt is ready to be serviced.

  25. Lactation • Yielding of milk by the mammary gland.

  26. Colostrum • Milked secreted for a few days after parturition. High in protein

  27. Weaning • Piglets are removed from their mothers and begin to eat on their own. (21 Days) after birth.

  28. Ear Notching • Method of identifying hogs. Right Ear: Litter Number Left Ear: Individual Pig

  29. Swine Terminology • Type: Close to the ideal type of pig. • Pedigree: Record of the animals family. • Crossbreeding: Mating of different breeds. • Feed Additives: Substances added to feed to meet certain needs of the pig.

  30. Terminal Breeds of Swine • Berkshire • Duroc • Hampshire • Poland China • Spot

  31. Maternal Breed of Swine • Chester White • Landrace • Yorkshire

  32. Hampshire • Has a Black and White band on shoulders and legs. • Good mothers • Long Body • Origin: England • Import: 1825-1835

  33. Duroc • Light to dark red. • Droopy Ears • Meat Type Hog • Very Prolific • Origin: Eastern United States • Good mothers

  34. Yorkshire • Large and white • Females are very good mothers. • Long Bodies • Known for their bacon • Origin: England • Import: 1800’s • Large litters

  35. Hereford • Color pattern of a hereford cattle. • Lean type of hog. • Origin: Missouri • Very prolific • Good mothers • Ears droop forward • Began 1902-1925

  36. Poland China • Black with white spots on the feet. • Very large hog. • Excellent feeders • Very quiet • Origin: Ohio • Developed: 1800-1850 • Low back fat

  37. Chester White Origin: Chester Pennsylvania Color: White Good mothers Ears droop forward

  38. Berkshire Origin: England Imported: 1823 Medium size Black with 6 white spots. Good carcass

  39. American Landrace Origin: Denmark Imported: 1934 Color: White Good mothers Large litters

  40. Spots • Imported 1880’s-Warren Co. Ohio • Good eaters • Mature Early • Prolific • Descended of Poland China

  41. Vietnamese Potbelly • Origin: Vietnam • Dwarf Swine • Imported 1986 • Average 70-150lbs • Make good pets

  42. Tamworth • Imported: 1882 • Color: Red • Excellent Mothers • Milk Well • Known for their Bacon, Hams • Grazing pig

  43. Neijiang • Origin: China • High in Fat • Thick skin • Average Litter size: 10

  44. Red Wattle • Imported: 1700 • Lean Carcass • Color: Dark Red • Excellent Flavor

  45. Angeln Saddleback • Origin: Germany • Color: Black with White Band around body. • Sows: Milk well • Meat quality: Poor

  46. Pietrain • Imported: 1950 • Color: White & Black Spots • Terminal Breed • High Yield of Lean Meat • Cross Breed used

  47. Wild Hogs • Origin: Europe • Long Hair, Straight Tail, • 5’ Long 300lbs • Sport Animal • Survive: Eat anything

  48. BaXuyen • Origin: Vietnam • Imported: 1900 • Short body • Litter size: 8 • Short Legs • Raised near salty areas

  49. Hezuo • Origin: China • Grown in pasture • Slow growth • Small litter size 4-7 • Long coarse bristles

  50. Kele • Origin: China • Raised in pasture • High in fat • Narrow body • Small body

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