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Comprehensive Guide to Hog Breeds and Terminology in Swine Industry

Explore the world of hog production with essential facts on breeds, terminology, industry insights, and piglet care. Discover top producing states, countries, and crucial processes like farrowing and weaning.

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Comprehensive Guide to Hog Breeds and Terminology in Swine Industry

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  1. Hog Unit 11th -12th Grade

  2. Essential Questions • What are 5 breeds of hogs? • What is the proper terminology used in Hog Production.

  3. Swine Facts • 75% of all hogs are produced in the Corn Belt. • 60% of hogs are raised in confinement. • 12-13% of hogs are raised under contract. • Swine are the 2nd largest livestock produced in the United States • 8 Major Breeds of Swine in the United States.

  4. Swine Facts • Litter Size: 7-15 pigs • Birth Weight: 2-3.5 lbs • Weaned: 21 Days • Sexual Maturity: 6-8 Months • Gestation: 114 Days (3months, 3weeks, 3days) • Ideal Number of Teats: 7 per side

  5. Terminal Swine Breeds • Used for: • Fast Growth • Feed Efficiency • Durability • Leanness • Always will be a Dark Breed of Swine

  6. Maternal Breeds • Used for: • Reproductive Ability • Mothering Ability • Litter Size • Milking ability • Always a White Breed

  7. Swine States • Top 6 leading states in Hog Production: 1st Iowa 2nd Illinois 3rd Indiana 4th North Carolina 5th Minnesota 6th Nebraska

  8. Top Swine Producing Countries • Top 5 Swine Producing Countries. • China • European Union • United States • Brazil • Canada

  9. Swine Industry 1st Meat Industry: Raised for their meat products. 2nd Breeding Industry: Raised for Purebred operations

  10. Piglets • Piglets: Young swine or baby pigs.

  11. Barrow • Barrow: Male castrated at a young age.

  12. Gilt • Gilt: Young female who has not had pigs.

  13. Sow • Sow: Older female who has had pigs.

  14. Boar • Boar: A male hog.

  15. Cull Sow • Grown female sold for slaughter. • Poor physical make up. • Old

  16. Runt Pig • Small or weak pig in litter.

  17. Yield • % of the carcass in 4 lean cuts.

  18. Tail Docking • Clipping the tail of the pigs when they are born. • Safety for the pigs so they will not eat each other.

  19. Needle Teeth • Have 8 needle teeth when born. • Sharp and must be removed for safety of the pigs.

  20. Farrowing • Giving birth to pigs.

  21. Parity • Number of times a sow has given birth.

  22. Parturition • Act of giving birth.

  23. Dystocia • Slow or difficult labor or delivery.

  24. Standing Heat • Sow or Gilt is ready to be serviced.

  25. Lactation • Yielding of milk by the mammary gland.

  26. Colostrum • Milked secreted for a few days after parturition. High in protein

  27. Weaning • Piglets are removed from their mothers and begin to eat on their own. (21 Days) after birth.

  28. Ear Notching • Method of identifying hogs. Right Ear: Litter Number Left Ear: Individual Pig

  29. Swine Terminology • Type: Close to the ideal type of pig. • Pedigree: Record of the animals family. • Crossbreeding: Mating of different breeds. • Feed Additives: Substances added to feed to meet certain needs of the pig.

  30. Terminal Breeds of Swine • Berkshire • Duroc • Hampshire • Poland China • Spot

  31. Maternal Breed of Swine • Chester White • Landrace • Yorkshire

  32. Hampshire • Has a Black and White band on shoulders and legs. • Good mothers • Long Body • Origin: England • Import: 1825-1835

  33. Duroc • Light to dark red. • Droopy Ears • Meat Type Hog • Very Prolific • Origin: Eastern United States • Good mothers

  34. Yorkshire • Large and white • Females are very good mothers. • Long Bodies • Known for their bacon • Origin: England • Import: 1800’s • Large litters

  35. Hereford • Color pattern of a hereford cattle. • Lean type of hog. • Origin: Missouri • Very prolific • Good mothers • Ears droop forward • Began 1902-1925

  36. Poland China • Black with white spots on the feet. • Very large hog. • Excellent feeders • Very quiet • Origin: Ohio • Developed: 1800-1850 • Low back fat

  37. Chester White Origin: Chester Pennsylvania Color: White Good mothers Ears droop forward

  38. Berkshire Origin: England Imported: 1823 Medium size Black with 6 white spots. Good carcass

  39. American Landrace Origin: Denmark Imported: 1934 Color: White Good mothers Large litters

  40. Spots • Imported 1880’s-Warren Co. Ohio • Good eaters • Mature Early • Prolific • Descended of Poland China

  41. Vietnamese Potbelly • Origin: Vietnam • Dwarf Swine • Imported 1986 • Average 70-150lbs • Make good pets

  42. Tamworth • Imported: 1882 • Color: Red • Excellent Mothers • Milk Well • Known for their Bacon, Hams • Grazing pig

  43. Neijiang • Origin: China • High in Fat • Thick skin • Average Litter size: 10

  44. Red Wattle • Imported: 1700 • Lean Carcass • Color: Dark Red • Excellent Flavor

  45. Angeln Saddleback • Origin: Germany • Color: Black with White Band around body. • Sows: Milk well • Meat quality: Poor

  46. Pietrain • Imported: 1950 • Color: White & Black Spots • Terminal Breed • High Yield of Lean Meat • Cross Breed used

  47. Wild Hogs • Origin: Europe • Long Hair, Straight Tail, • 5’ Long 300lbs • Sport Animal • Survive: Eat anything

  48. BaXuyen • Origin: Vietnam • Imported: 1900 • Short body • Litter size: 8 • Short Legs • Raised near salty areas

  49. Hezuo • Origin: China • Grown in pasture • Slow growth • Small litter size 4-7 • Long coarse bristles

  50. Kele • Origin: China • Raised in pasture • High in fat • Narrow body • Small body

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