Five Kingdoms of Living Things

1. Five Kingdoms of Living Things

2. Each living thing must have most of the following: • Ability to MOVE around from place to place, or make things inside it move around • EAT to get energy to breathe, move, and grow • GROW during its lifetime • BREATHE in gases • REPRODUCE to make the next generation • CHANGE as it reacts to the environment

3. Remembering is easy! My - move Elf - eat Baked - breathe Green and- grow Red - reproduce Cookies - change

4. Scientists divide all living things into 5 Kingdoms: • Protist • Monera • Fungi • Plant • Animal

5. The 5 Kingdoms • Taxonomy a. the science of identifying, naming, and classifying • Classification a. the act of placing objects in groups based on characteristics • Scientists use both of these to organize living organisms. • The largest group living things are placed in is a kingdom (there are 5). • The smallest classification group is the species. The second smallest is the genus.

6. Protista: • Complex, single-celled life forms (eukaryotic) • Usually can only be seen through a microscope • Can be parasites that cause disease • Can make its own food or feed on other living things • A protist has a nucleus. • Examples: ameba, paramecium, simple algae paramecium ameba

7. Monera: • Simple single cells (prokaryotic) • Shaped like rods, spirals, and round balls • So small they can only be seen through a microscope • No nucleus! • Example: bacteria Bacteria

8. Protista and Monera Eukaryotic (complex) Most are single celled Prokaryotic (simple) Producers Or consumers protista monera living Examples: Kelp, ameba, paramecium No nucleus Has a nucleus Bacteria

9. Fungi: • Many-celled organisms • Absorb food from living or dead things (consumers). • Parasitic “plants” (They are not true plants because they do not have chlorophyll to make their own food.) • Examples: mushrooms, bread mold, penicillin, mildew, and yeast

10. Plants: • Many-celled • Contain chlorophyll used to make their own food (producers) and gives them a green color (photosynthesis) • Have cell walls and large vacuoles • Divided into two main groups: vascular and nonvascular plants

11. I. Two major groups of plants: A. Vascular plants: 1. Have conducting tissues (xylem and phloem), leaves, stems and roots. 2. Have a root system for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. 3. Have vessels that make tubes for moving water throughout the plant. ERT (p. 66 on) find out the meanings of roots, root hairs, chlorophyll, chloroplasts, xylem, phloem, stomata, photosynthesis, and respiration.

12. B. Non-vascular plants 1. Do not have conducting tissues, leaves and roots. They are small. 2. Require water for fertilization so they must grow in moist habitats. 3. Reproduce by spores. 4. Have rhizoids that hold them in place.

13. Tall Has roots, root hairs, stems, tubes Some have flowers, fruit, seeds Chlorophyll Some reproduce by spores Have a cell wall Need water, air, sunlight Short Do not have roots, leaves, flowers, root hairs, stems, fruit, tubes, seeds Chlorophyll Reproduce by spores Have a cell wall Need water, air, sunlight Have rhizoids that hold them in place but do not absorb water or nutrients Vascular and Nonvascular

14. Vascular Vs. Non-Vascular has roots short chlorophyll have root hairs no roots vascular non-vascular Have plant cells can be tall Have vacuoles & cell walls Don’t have leaves, stems, or seeds anchored to dirt Make their own food

15. Animals: • Divided into 2 main groups: 1. Invertebrates: animals without backbones 2. Vertebrates: animals with backbones Vertebrate Invertebrate

16. Some have an exoskeleton Have backbones Vertebrates Invertebrates Exo means outside No backbones Have an endoskeleton Endo means inside

17. Fish Physical features: • Fins • Gills • Cold-blooded • Scales Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: Fish breathe. Fish lay eggs.

18. Amphibians Physical Features: • Moist, slimy bodies • Live on land AND in water • Breathe with gills as well as lungs (sometimes in different stages of life) • Cold-blooded Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: They lay eggs in moist places. They may have gills that develop into lungs.

19. Reptiles Physical Features: • Dry, scaly skin • Cold-blooded • Breathe with lungs • Spend most of their time on land Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: There are 4 types: lizards, snakes, turtles, and alligators/crocodiles. Most lay eggs.

20. Birds Physical Features • Warm-blooded • Covered with feathers • Live on land, in trees, & on water • Don’t have front legs • Have wings • Have short, soft feathers called down Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: Birds have beaks. Most fly. Few live in cold weather. They have hollow bones. Some have webbed feet.

21. Mammals Physical Features: • Warm-blooded • Have hair/fur to keep warm • Breathe with lungs • Give birth to live young, lay eggs, or have babies in pouches (marsupials). • Feed or nurse their young (milk glands) • Can be carnivores (meat eaters), herbivores (plant eaters), or omnivores (plant/meat eaters)

22. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: • Keep steady body temperatures. • Some have fat/blubber to keep warm (whales). • We are mammals! • Temperature does not affect their activity levels.

23. Sponges Physical Features: • Live in water. • Have no heads or faces. • Have small openings, or holes (for breathing). Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: Sponges are the simplest invertebrates. Most sponges in kitchens are artificial.

24. Mollusks Physical Features: • Have soft bodies like worms. • Have two body openings. • Some have a mantel (hard protective covering). A snail does; an octopus does not. • Some have a strong muscular foot (not feet—just one foot). Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: There are 3 types: snails, scallops, and octopus. They are found in fresh/saltwater or on land.

25. Spiny-Skinned Animals Physical Features: • Have spines that cover their bodies. • Have tube feet. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They live in oceans. They can pull off a scallop’s shell to eat the soft animal inside!

26. Hollow-Bodied Animals Physical Features: • Have a hollow center lined with digestive cells. • Have tentacles with sting ray cells. • Have a mouth. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: ERT find out characteristics of this animal group.

27. Flatworms & Roundworms Physical Features: • They feed on other plants or animals (parasites). • Can be round or flat. Roundworms live in soil. Flatworms live in salt/freshwater. • Flatworms have one hole. Roundworms have two. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They are more simple than segmented worms. Tape worms can grow up to 72 feet!

28. Segmented Worms Physical features: • Have two openings for digestion. • Have a segmented body. • Have a brain, heart, and blood. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They are found in soil or fresh/saltwater.

29. Arthropods crabs Physical Features: • Have an exoskeleton. • Have jointed legs. • Have segmented bodies. • Most have eyes and feelers called antennas. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They live in fresh/saltwater or on land. Insects, arachnids (spiders/ticks/scorpions), and crustaceans (lobsters/crabs/shrimps) are included in the Arthropod group. They are the largest animal group that exists. Arachnid (tarantula) insect

30. Can you compare and contrast the 5 kingdoms? Moneran Protist Fungus Plant Animal Many- Celled 2 main Groups Vascular Non- vascular Many- celled Vertebrates invertebrates One-celled Has a nucleus more complex than monera Most are many- celled One-celled with no membrane Bacteria Paramecium