The Five Kingdoms

1. The Five Kingdoms Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

2. Please read the WarmUp guidelines on your table Keep this paper in your binder. It is part of your binder check on Monday. Biology Warm Up Today’s WarmUp One system for classifying living organisms identifies five kingdoms of living things. On your paper list what those five kingdoms might be. For each kingdom list the defining characteristics of the group. Be sure that every living thing fits into one of your kingdoms.

3. 1. Monera • Simplest organisms, one celled, prokaryotic • Found everywhere on earth, some are helpful, some harmful, consumers • They need water, oxygen and appropriate temperature to survive • Most feed on dead plants & animals • Most do not move (non-motile) • Asexual reproduction by binary fission (12) • Sexual reproduction by conjugation

4. 1. Monera • Prokaryotic: simplest life forms cell membrane and cytoplasm, no membrane-bound organelles. (organisms with membrane-bound organelles, like a nucleus, are called eukaryotes). • Modern classification splits this kingdom in two

5. CellParts • cytoplasm • cell membrane • cell wall • some have flagella Cell Shapes • Round(coccus, cocci) • Rod-Shaped(bacillus, bacilli) • Spiral(spirillum, spirilli)

6. Different Types of Bacteria

7. 2. Protista • Most one celled organisms, eukaryotic, most live in water • PROTOZOA– animal-like, one-celled, move, consumers(don’t make food) • ALGAE– plant-like, most one-celled, have chlorophyll, producers(make food) • SLIME MOLDS– fungus-like, one-celled, have 2 life stages (1 fungus-like life stage),consumers Amoeba Examples

8. KingdomPROTISTA

9. 3. Fungi • Multi-cellular, eukaryotic organisms • Most have large cells and many nuclei • Fungi have cell walls made of chitin • They areconsumers, and grow in dark moist places

10. KingdomFUNGI

11. 4. Plantae • Many-celled, eukaryotic • Have cell walls made of cellulose • Contain chlorophyll, they are producers (make their own food though photosynthesis) • Live in both aquatic & land environments • Plants do not move (usually) Examples include: mosses, ferns, grasses, shrubs, flowering plants (angiosperms), trees (gymnosperms)

12. KingdomPLANTAE

13. Eukaryotic Multicellular Consumers (cannot do photosynthesis) No cell wall 5. Animalia

14. We will look at 9 phyla (plural of phylum) Poriferans Coelenterates Platyheminthes Nematodes Annelids Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms Chordates 5. Animalia

15. Phylum:Porifera(Sponges)

16. 1. Porifera (Sponges) • Simple organisms • 2 cell layers • No head or mouth, no organs • Porous body with stiff skeleton • Attached to underwater surfaces • Live in fresh water and salt water • No symmetry

17. PhylumCoelenterata

18. 2. Coelenterata (jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals) • 2 cell layers • Tentacles around the mouth • Tentacles have stinging cells • Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity • Have radial symmetry • Most live in salt water

19. Phylum Platyhelminthes

32. 3. Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) (flukes, tapeworms, planarians) • 3 cell layers • Mouth is the only opening into the digestive cavity • Many are parasitic (flukes, tapeworms) • Many live in the ocean (planarians) • Exhibit bilateral symmetry

33. Phylum Nematoda

34. 4. Nematoda(Round Worms) (hookworms, pinworms, trichinae) • Have tubular body • Have digestive tract with 2 openings • Live mainly in the soil, water or animal tissues • Reproduce sexually • Exhibit bilateral symmetry

35. Phylum Annelida

36. 5. Annelida(Segmented Worms) (earthworms, sandworms, leeches) • 3 cell layers • Segmented body with pair of bristles on each segment • Have circulatory, digestive & nervous systems (breathe through skin) • Move by contracting circular and longitudinal muscles

37. Phylum Molluska

38. 6. Mollusca (snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses, squids) • 3 distinct body parts • Head-foot • Heart and organs • Mantle • Have soft body protected by 1 shell, 2 shells or no shell • Live in fresh or salt water, or on land

39. Phylum Arthropoda

40. 7. Arthropoda • Have jointed legs, segmented bodies & exoskeleton, have bilateral symmetry • They live in the water, land and air The 5 major classes include: 1. Crustaceans(Lobsters, crabs, crayfish, shrimp) 2.Arachnids – 8 legs, 2 body parts (Spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions) 3.Insects – 6 legs, 3 body parts (Beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, butterflies) 4.Centipedes & 5.Millipedes

41. Phylum Echinodermata

42. 8. Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea cucumbers) • Have 5 body parts (“arms”) radiating out • Have bumpy, spiny internal skeleton • Have “tube feet” • Live in salt water on ocean bottom • Exhibit radial symmetry

43. Phylum Chordata

44. 9. Chordata Kingdom: Animalia Phylum All chordates have: • Gill slits (they stay or disappear) • Notochord (supporting rod of tissue along the back) • Hollow nerve tube (runs along the back) • Most chordates have a back bone(Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals) • Some chordates do not have a backbone(Tunicates and Lancelets) Classes

45. Fish – live in water, breathe through gills, are covered by scales, and are cold-blooded Amphibians– live in moist environment, in or near water, or on land for short periods, have thin moist skin, and are cold-blooded Reptiles– live on land, breath through lungs, have dry scaly skin, are cold-blooded 5 Classes Birds– live on land & over H2O, have feathers, fly, breath through lungs, warm-blooded Mammals– live on land and in or near water, have hair, fur, females have mammary glands that produce milk for young. They lay eggs, or have pouches, or develop in the mother (live birth).