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Grammar notebook appendices

Grammar notebook appendices. Translation process. How to translate a Latin Sentence and remain sane. The Process. 1. Read the whole sentence in Latin. If it clicks, consider yourself blessed. If not, start taking it apart like you would a math problem.

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Grammar notebook appendices

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  1. Grammar notebook appendices Translation process

  2. How to translate a Latin Sentence and remain sane

  3. The Process • 1. Read the whole sentence in Latin. If it clicks, consider yourself blessed. If not, start taking it apart like you would a math problem. • 2. Always keep your sentence in context of the passage. Reread the previous sentence before you start. IT HAS TO MAKE SENSE! Make predictions in your mind about what that sentence might say.

  4. 3. Find the verb/verbs. This tells you how many clauses you have. • Three basic types of clauses: • Subject linking verb predicate nominative • Subject action verb direct object • Subject passive verbs ablative

  5. Figure out which kind of verb you have. • Linking verb some form of sum • Action/active verb One form Ends with o/m/s/t/mus/tis/nt

  6. Passive Verb could be one form or two part verb r/ris/tur/mur/mini/ntur us,a, um /i,ae,aplus some form of sum

  7. Pattern One: SLVPN • Linking verb: • Figure out the subject: • o/m I • S you • T he, she, it or a nominative singular • Mus we • Tis you pl • Nt they or a plural nominative • Find the predicate nominative which will be in the nominative case and will rename the subject; sometimes you will have a predicate adjective to describe your subject.

  8. Examples • Elephantisuntingentes. Sunt is a linking verb; Ends with nt; therefore the subject must be either THEY or a NOMINATIVE PLURAL The elephants are Is there a word in the nominative that either renames or describes the subject The elephants are huge. ElephantierantarmaHannibalis. Elephanti subject Arma predicate nominative Hannibalis genitive modifier

  9. Pattern two: action verb • Figure out your subject: • o/m I • S you • T he,she, it nominative singular • Mus we • Tis you pl • Nt they nominative plural • Then you know who is doing the verb. • Then look for the accusative to receive the verb.

  10. Examples • Stultuspuerpuellampulsat. • Pulsat action verb • Ends with t: nominative singular subject • Puerpulsat The boy hits • Puellam = accusative • The boy hits the girl. • Puellastultumpuerumpulsat. • Pulsat hits • Puella girl nominative singular • Puerumacc • The girl hits the stupid boy.

  11. Pattern 3: Passive Verbs • Passive verb • Two part verbs are easier; the endings on the first part tells you the gender of the subject • R= I • Ris = you • Tur = he, she, it or nominative singular • Mur = we • Mini= you pl • Ntur= they or nominative plural • Then look for the ablative to show who or what does the verb

  12. Examples • Puellapulsataest a puero. • Pulsataest she was hit • Puella nominative singular • The girl was hit • A puero ablative of personal agent • The girl was hit by the boy.

  13. Mea filiaestdisciplinus. • My daughter is a student. • Mea filiaterramstudet. • Me filiaestdisciplinus quae terramstudet.

  14. What do I do with all those other words? • Translate using the Socratic method. Ask yourself questions. • Whose? Genitive • To whom/for whom dative • What kind? Genitive, adjective, ablative • How? Ablative • Why? Ablative, dative • When? Ablative • Where? Ablative • How far? Accusative

  15. To where? Accusative • From where? Ablative • How much? Ablative, genitive

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