Support to the Warfighter: ISR Manned/Unmanned Teaming

1. Support to the Warfighter:ISR Manned/Unmanned Teaming COL Kevin C. Peterson Deputy Commander for Training U.S. Army Intelligence Center and Fort Huachuca

2. The ISR Challenge • CSA training guidance for (BCTP) • Goal / Standard for S-2 thru G-2 in support of a deliberate attack • 90% of locations, to targetable accuracy, of enemy combat vehicles 24 hrs prior to the combat assault • Situational Awareness standard to enable Objective Force operations – • 85% knowledge of all militarily relevant objects / potential targets by 2010 • 99% by 2015 • Evolving standard for SA: • NRT detection, acquisition, identification, prioritization and engagement of priority targets (360 degrees coverage) with a single hit/kill probability of 95% Source: Annex C, Army Intelligence Transformation Campaign Plan

3. National Joint Fixed NSA NSA-Gordon NSA-Medina NSA-Korea Theater Fixed (TIB/TIG – ROC TOC) DCGS FoS 274 Mb DCGS-AF DCGS-N DCGS-MC MEF The ISR Concept Global Reach WGS orCml Ku, Ka ACS 20 Mb CDL CDL ER/MP Combat Info / IBS Broadcast CDL DCGS-A Sensor Control Network Corps Mobile Div ACE DCGS-A / Prophet Control • Plan- Collect- Process-Produce • Store DCGS-A Mobile/ Prophet Control Div • Analyze • Disseminate • Assess UA /BCT BCT PRD-13 Manpackable Disclaimer: icons are representative STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL FWD TACTICAL

4. Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingNetworked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor Ops 14 XX XX XX XXX 11 12 22 OBJ ACS OBJ OBJ ACS OBJ ACS wide area SIGINT & SAR/MTI detect, locate & track red forces moving east / south in Co / Bn size with Arty and ADA ACS ??Arty or ADA ?? III Tracked Vehicles 18 9 12 Maximum BCT Sensor Range 13 350+ Km BCT BCT II II I I I I XXX Robotics Robotics Robotics Robotics Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders X X Critical Tasks:Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems 400 KM Networked ACS / UAVS Multi Sensor Ops

5. Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingNetworked ACS / UAVS Multi-Sensor Ops XX XX XX XXX OBJ ACS OBJ OBJ ACS OBJ ACS III Maximum BCT Sensor Range 350+ Km BCT BCT II II I I I I XXX Robotics Robotics Robotics Robotics X X 400 KM UAV(s) vectored to targets utilizing ACS real time sensor data,Identifies units / equipment. Target nominations passed directly to shooters 14 14 11 11 12 12 22 22 T-80 Tanks 6 -152MM SP arty w/ spt veh 6 SA6s w/ spt veh 18 18 APCs 9 9 12 12 ACS continues wide area surveillance of Div/Corps battle space 13 13 Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders Critical Tasks:Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems

6. Putting It All Together…Decisive Operations - Tactical ShapingNetworked ACS / UAV Multi Sensor Ops XX XX XX XXX OBJ ACS OBJ OBJ ACS OBJ ACS III I I 9 9 12 12 13 13 XXX Purpose: Provide Continuous, Dedicated ISR Support to Tactical Commanders Critical Tasks:Find, Locate, Track, Target & Report Enemy C2, Special Ops, Air Defense / Artillery / Missile / & Armor Systems 400 KM 14 14 11 11 12 12 22 22 22 22 22 22 18 18 18 18 18 18 ACS provides Artillery & Apaches real time location updates for moving targets and threat warning. UAV(s) laser designate individual targets 9 9 12 12 13 13 ACS Continues Wide Area Surveillance of Corps/Div Battle Space

7. ISR Future Needs and Requirements • The Intelligence BOS • Sensor presence everywhere on the battlefield -- anytime, anyplace, regardless of environment • UAV and Manned Unmanned Teaming • Greater sensor optical capabilities to enhance target detection/recognition and identification; able to see thru environmental or man-made obscurants • Enhanced data compression for AV/GCS/AV to aircraft links to speed Intel product dissemination to the cockpit • Enhanced processing for a quicker turn around of the Intel product • Reduced Target Location Error (TLE) to increase targeting capability and ability to attack from greater distances • Automated (and aided) target detection and recognition • Enhanced laser capabilities: range finding, target designation, illumination/pointing • Distributed sensor control/data fusion, common display • Aided/automated sensor cross-cueing • Advanced sensor technologies (SIGINT, MASINT, CBRNE, support to assured mobility) • Training program that educates the Warfighter on UAVS and MUM capabilities Reliant on a robust communications network

8. Back-up Charts

9. ACS Meets Tactical Timeliness and Accuracy Requirements ACS ACS BCT BCT II II JSTARS U2R RJ I I I I DCGS-A See First… The Future Force Sensor Grid Multiple Sensor Layers Required to Complete the Common Operating Picture Interdependent, Multi-Echelon, Cross-BOS Theater/National (IBS/GBS) XX/XXX Corps/Div Theater Intelligence is the Product of the ISR Environment Right Information…Right Time…at the Point of Decision

10. Manned vs. Unmanned Platforms or...Why Not a Bigger UAV? Green Yellow Red Manned Platform Advantages: • Early Entry Self-Deployable • Payload Weight Capacity and Power Requirements • Operating Altitude • No Weather Restrictions • Endurance • Most Cost Effective • Less Forward Footprint Balkans NEA WX Condition RED YELLOW Clouds Unmanned YELLOW YELLOW Icing 31% YELLOW RED Precipitation 51% ProjectedGlobal HawkWith IMINT Payloads >$48M GREEN YELLOW Turbulence Manned YELLOW GREEN Icing GREEN GREEN Obscuration Acceptable flying conditions likely more than 50% of the year Degraded conditions (not abort) likely more than 30% of the year Abort conditions likely more than 50% of the year 52 Cannot Replace Manned With Unmanned Platforms • SEC AF Challenge to Northrop Grumman: • Provide Global Hawk Intelligence Collection “Parity” With the U-2 • Issue: Global Hawk Payload Capacity = ½ the Capacity of the U-2 • Options: - Build 2 Global Hawk Fleets (SIGINT/IMINT) - Cost Prohibitive • - Build a Larger Global Hawk – Cost Prohibitive