AMERICA’S ROAD TO REVOLUTION

1. AMERICA’S ROAD TO REVOLUTION Part 2: Acts Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party

2. HOW DOES ALL THIS START??? • ENGLAND IN HEAVY DEBT • French and Indian War • Colonies very expensive to maintain • King George III employs George Grenville to get $ from the colonies • Doesn’t like colonists: “spoiled children” • 2 GOALS -- Collect tax revenue -- Show colonies England still boss

3. King George III

4. GEORGE GRENVILLE

5. NAVAGATION ACTS - 1660 • Require colonies to sell only to Britain • Less markets = Less $ to be made • Require colonies to buy only from Britain • Anything imported to America must come from Britain • Goods cost more – “middleman” • Originally passed in 1660 to control colonial trade – not really enforced • Salutary Neglect – • look the other way

6. COLONIAL RESPONSE TO NAVAGATION ACTS • Heavy SMUGGLING • Bring in goods illegally • Customs Officials Bribed • No taxes on goods paid / collected • Smuggling made Grenville Furious • Used Navy Warships to catch smugglers • Sent Tax Collectors to every Port City to collect taxes

7. PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763

8. Box 1: PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763 • Forbids colonial settlement West of Appalachian Mountains • Colonial governments can’t even survey land • Cuts off fertile land & fur trade $

9. COLONISTS FURIOUS AT PROCLAMATION • Fuels Nationalist Fire • Colonists defy England, move West anyways

10. PROCLAMATION LINE of 1763

11. Box 2: SUGAR ACT -- 1764 • Already a tax on Molasses, but so high it was ridiculous – no one paid / enforced it • So existing molasses tax (duty)cut in half • Hope to end smuggling temptation • England will enforce this one • Also put new taxes on textiles, wines

12. Colonists reaction to Sugar Act • Smuggling continues • Protested the law • Boycott British Sugar

13. Box 3: STAMP ACT -- 1765 • Most hated of all “Acts” • Revenue stamps needed to be put on printed items bought (prove you paid tax) • Paper materials & documents -- “Petty Purchases” • Newspapers, licenses, deeds, cards, dice

14. Stamp Act Stamps

15. STAMP ACT Reaction-- 1765 • Most hated because most direct and noticeable tax • Goods cost more • Leads to mass protests in colonies (Sons of Liberty) • Stamps Stolen and Burned • Boycott of British Goods (2 more)

16. STAMP ACT PROTEST

17. STAMP ACT PROTEST

18. STAMP ACT PROTEST

19. STAMP ACT PROTESTS -- 1766 • SONS OF LIBERTY formed to protest Stamp Act • Secret Society Led by Samuel Adams • Printed Newspaper articles, led marches, organized demonstrations, burned stamps • Threatened Tax Collectors • STAMP ACT CONGRESS • Sent letters to King demanding repeal of Stamp and Sugar Act • “No Taxation Without Representation”

20. Sons of Liberty Organized Protest Mob

21. COLONIAL TERRORISMTAR and FEATHERING

22. STAMP ACT REPEALED -- 1766 • England could not realistically enforce the Stamp Act • Colonial Boycott hurts English trade and profits

23. Box 4: QUARTERING ACT -- 1765 • Forced colonists to give British soldiers housing and food • 10,000 British soldiers (REDCOATS) in America • Most supposed to be defending the frontier • BUT… Lots stay in Eastern cities (Boston) • Colonists feel soldiers there to police them

24. Colonists response to Quartering Act • NY assembly refused to vote $ to house soldiers • (Quartering Act required this) • Angry and More Protests • Resentment and tensions grow

25. Box 5: Declaratory Act - 1765 • PARLIAMENT passes the DECLATORY ACT • Asserts Parliament’s total legal right to pass laws for the colonies • COLONIST REACTION: • Angry!!! • Colonists think Parliament is Abusing Power

26. Box 6: Townsend Revenue Acts -- 1767 • England tries again to gain tax (duty) money on imports: cloth, glass, paper, paint, tea • Using Declaratory Acts as justification • Tax Collectors have new powers: • Search homes and businesses for smuggling • Use “Writs of Assistance” – Broad, Generalized Warrants for searches • (Becomes motivation for 4th Amendment)

27. COLONIES PROTEST AGAIN Sons of Liberty (SOL) Organize “Hanging” Demonstration • Another Boycott – Roving Boston gangs enforce it --Threaten “Tory” (Loyal British) Merchants • Patriot = Independence Tory = Loyal to British • Daughters of Liberty • Convince colonists not to buy British goods • “Drink Coffee”, “Homespun Clothes”

28. HANGING AT LIBERTY TREE

29. DAUGHTERS OF LIBERTY

30. THE BOSTON MASSACREMarch 5, 1770 • More protests in colonies = More soldiers • Colonists and Soldiers rude to each other TENSIONS BUILDING • Crowd gathered outside British Courthouse – mob grew unruly

31. ANALYTICAL WRITING ASSIGNMENT • Get a blank piece of paper! • Look at the next two pictures of the Boston Massacre and describe what is happening in each picture. • Consider both sides of the confrontation!!! • Be as detailed as you can and note what feelings / impressions you get looking at each • 2 minutes per picture

32. BOSTON MASSACREPICTURE 1

33. BOSTON MASSACREPICTURE 2

34. BOSTON MASSACRE • Crowd provokes soldiers??? • Throw snowballs, mud, rocks • Crispus Attucks: “Sons of Liberty” Member African • Soldiers order “FIRE” into the crowd??? • 5 shot dead – Attucks becomes martyr • Soldiers just defending themselves??? • Innocent citizens murdered???

35. NEWSPAPER AD AFTER BOSTON MASSACRE

36. BOSTON MASSACRE Famous Engraving by Paul Revere

37. BOSTON MASSACRE LANDMARKS

38. BOSTON MASSACRE GRAVE

39. BOSTON MASSACRE AFTERMATH • Soldiers removed from Boston to city outskirts • Soldiers put on trial – Defended by John Adams (2nd President) • Moment of Turning – Revolt Inevitable

40. TOWNSEND ACTS REPEALED – April, 1770 • Prevents Immediate boiling over in colonies • Left tax on Tea only – Parliament saving face again • Radical Colonists want total repeal • Sugar Act, Quartering Act still there • Nevertheless, Calmer period results for 2 years

41. UNTIL… 1772-1773 • GASPEE INCIDENT • British Ship Patrolling for Smugglers Runs Aground • Crowd Sneaks on Board, Removes Crew, Sets Fire to Vessel • Commission can’t find Witnesses / Culprits • “COMITTIEES OF CORRESONDANCE” • Sam Adams / Mercy Warren led in Boston – Keep Fueling Fire • Write Lists of Rights and Grievances • Make Sure News is Circulated – Solidify Resistance

42. BURNING OF THE GASPEE

43. Box 7: TEA ACT -- 1773 • Designed to Save the British East India Tea Company from Bankruptcy • Cutout American Merchants from selling British tea • (cut out the middle man) • Wrecks American Tea Trade

44. Reaction: BOSTON TEA PARTYNovember 30, 1773 • Patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians sneak aboard Tea Ship and S.O.L. Dump 342 Chests of Tea in to Boston Harbor • Parties Unknown (Sam Adams, John Hancock) • Majority of People in Colonies Not Impressed with Action

45. BOSTON TEA PARTY

46. Disguised as Mohawk Indians

47. BOSTON HARBOR TODAY

48. ENGLISH REACTION TO BOSTON TEA PARTY • England Fed Up – Need to Punish Boston • BOX 8: INTOLERABLE ACTS (Colonists) COERCIVE ACTS (British) – 1774 • Acts to Punish Boston • Closed Boston Harbor to Trade and Traffic • Strip MA Gov’t of Powers • Quebec Act makes much of Western Lands Part of Canada, Preventing Expansion • Become Known as “Intolerable Acts” • Time for Colonies to do something

49. MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA • Committees of Correspondence Organize • Colonies resent England • Call a Continental Congress to discuss independence • George Washington would represent VA • “The crisis is arrived when we must assert our rights, or submit to every imposition, till custom and use shall make us as tame and abject slaves, as the blacks we rule over with such arbitrary sway.” (total authority)