Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution 1700-1755 (Ch. 5 and 6)

1. Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution1700-1755 (Ch. 5 and 6)

2. As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century • a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country. • the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain. • the need for slave labor declined. • the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the goods that they needed to survive. • the British government granted greater autonomy to colonial governments.

3. As a result of the rapid population growth in colonial America during the eighteenth century • a momentous shift occurred in the balance of power between the colonies and the mother country. • the British government was pleased that more workers would be available to fill an increasing need for laborers in Britain. • the need for slave labor declined. • the colonists became more dependent on Britain for the goods that they needed to survive. • the British government granted greater autonomy to colonial governments.

4. KNOW YOUR REGIONS • New England (Northern: Mass, RI, Conn., New Ham. • Middle: Penn, NY, NJ, Delaware. • South: Virginia, Maryland, North Car., South Car., Georgia The Chesapeake (Virginia and Maryland)

5. Outline of our Discussion (your cues): • Chapter 5 (1700-1776) • Review: Where did the colonies come from? • New Ethnicities Bring New Issues • Social Class in the New World • The Great Awakening: Religion in the 18th Century • Education in the Colonies • Culture and Folkways • The Press and Politics • Chapter 6 • France and New France • The French and Indian War • Uh Oh… Colonials become Restless…like you pesky teenagers

6. Growth of America? Jamestown & Plymouth? 1607-1700 Growth of the colonies to 1776?

7. A Little Review to Help the Brain • Remember the Colonies: • New England • Religious : Intolerant and Puritanical (leading to Congregational) • Political: Town Meetings, Majority Rule, Mayflower Compact • Economic: Diversification, shipping, lumber, fish, subsistence ag.

8. The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to • white immigration from Europe. • the natural fertility of Native Americans. • the importation of slaves from Africa. • the influx of immigrants from Latin America. • the natural fertility of all Americans.

9. The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to • white immigration from Europe. • the natural fertility of Native Americans. • the importation of slaves from Africa. • the influx of immigrants from Latin America. • the natural fertility of all Americans.

11. A Little Review to Help the Brain • Remember the Colonies: • Middle Colonies: • Religious: Diversity, toleration, Quaker Haven • Political: Representative Assemblies • Economic: Rich soil produced grain, shipping and commercial centers in the cities

12. A Little Review to Help the Brain • Remember the Colonies: • Southern Colonies: • Religious: Anglican Church • Political: Ruled by Aristocratic Elite (Slavocracy) • Economic: Focused on Cash Crops (Tobacco, Rice, Indigo)

13. Slavery • Northern and Middle Colonies: • Domestic Servants, Urban Slaves • Little agricultural slaves • Merchants and traders profiting from the slave trade. • Southern Colonies: • Upper South – Tobacco (poor man’s crop), gang system (Slaves developed more Euro-African American Culture) • Lower South – Rice (rich man’s crop), task system (Slaves retained more African Traditions)

14. Slave Rebellions • Resistance: • Runaways • Florida and the cities (why Florida?) • NYC Slave Revolt 1712 • 1st in British North America • Stono Rebellion 1739 • South Carolina • Largest pre-Revolutionary War revolt • Put down by white militia

15. When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities • applauded the efforts. • vetoed such efforts. • allowed only South Carolina's legislation to stand. • viewed such colonial actions as morally callous. • did nothing.

16. When several colonial legislatures attempted to restrict or halt the importation of slaves, British authorities • applauded the efforts. • vetoed such efforts. • allowed only South Carolina's legislation to stand. • viewed such colonial actions as morally callous. • did nothing.

17. The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was • 30. • 27. • 25. • 20. • 16.

18. The average age of the American colonists in 1775 was • 30. • 27. • 25. • 20. • 16.

20. South Carolina

21. Immigrants And EthnicitiesChanges 1700 to 1763

22. Immigrants and Ethnicities • Talking about VOLUNTARY Immigrants (not involuntary slaves) • Reasons for Immigration: • Chance to own land (do they?) • Greater social mobility (always?) • Religious freedom (everywhere?) • Lower taxes & Material Goods • Better diet (MORE MEAT!)

23. An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as • Bacon's Rebellion. • March of the Paxton Boys. • Regulator Movement. • Shays' Rebellion. • Oligarchy Revolution 

24. An armed march in Philadelphia in 1764, protesting the Quaker oligarchy's lenient policy toward the Indians was known as • Bacon's Rebellion. • March of the Paxton Boys. • Regulator Movement. • Shays' Rebellion. • Oligarchy Revolution. 

25. Immigrant Groups • Immigration also contributed to population growth in the 18th century. • English and Welsh were still important, but other European groups arrive (Esp. the Middle Colonies)

26. In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as • Bacon's Rebellion. • March of the Paxton Boys. • Regulator Movement. • Shays' Rebellion. • Whiskey Rebellion.

27. In North Carolina, spearheaded by the Scotch-Irish, a small insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affair was known as • Bacon's Rebellion. • March of the Paxton Boys. • Regulator Movement. • Shays' Rebellion. • Whiskey Rebellion.

28. Diversity through Immigration

29. More Immigrants Causes Complexity • Booming immigrant population calls for more cheap land… • Where (who?) do they get it from? • Isolation on the frontier • Scots-Irish • Confrontation with the Natives • Need of “protection” causes growth of militias (ready made army… kinda)

30. East vs. west land conflicts • Paxton Boys

31. Discussion Question: • How does the rising diversity in Ethnicity and Immigration affect colonial identity?

32. By 1775, the ____ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America • Africans • Germans • West Indians • Scots-Irish • Irish

33. By 1775, the ____ were the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America • Africans • Germans • West Indians • Scots-Irish • Irish

34. SOUTHERN Social Class: Rise of the Elites Aristocrats: Leading Planters, Merchants, Lawyers, Officials, Clergymen Lesser Professional Men Small Landowning Farmers Lesser Tradesmen, Manual Laborers, Hired Hands Indentured Servants and Jailbirds The Irish SLAVES

35. Discussion Questions: • Was there greater social mobility in the English colonies? What contributed to this social mobility? • What was a major impediment to the idea of social mobility in the English colonies? Why?

36. The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South • were distributed evenly among whites. • helped to narrow the gap between rich and poor. • created a serious problem with inflation. • were not distributed evenly among whites. • enabled poor whites to escape tenant farming.

37. The riches created by the growing slave population in the American South • were distributed evenly among whites. • helped to narrow the gap between rich and poor. • created a serious problem with inflation. • were not distributed evenly among whites. • enabled poor whites to escape tenant farming.

38. Whitefield Religion and the Enlightenment Mr. Finney Charles Finney

39. The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____, whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse. • New England, the South • the middle colonies, the South • the South, New England • the middle colonies, New England • the frontier regions, New England

40. The most ethnically diverse region of colonial America was ____, whereas ____ was the least ethnically diverse. • New England, the South • the middle colonies, the South • the South, New England • the middle colonies, New England • the frontier regions, New England

41. Religion

42. Religion ContinuedTax Supported (Established) Churches, 1775

45. In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americans • had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility. • had all but eliminated poverty. • found that it was easier for ordinary people to acquire land. • had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion. • had few people who owned small farms.

46. In contrast to the seventeenth century, by 1775, colonial Americans • had become more stratified into social classes and had less social mobility. • had all but eliminated poverty. • found that it was easier for ordinary people to acquire land. • had nearly lost their fear of slave rebellion. • had few people who owned small farms.

47. The Enlightenment • Rule of reason and logic • Scientific Method • Philosophy that attempts to explain the earth through human endeavors • Creation of Deism • Superior being created Universe, universe is guided by logical principles • Many founding fathers were followers of the Enlightenment and Deism • Jefferson, Washington, Franklin

48. God as the “watchmaker”

49. The Great Awakening:A Reaction to the Enlightenment