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Descartes. 6 th Meditation. Substance Dualism. Substance Dualism: there are two kinds of distinct substances, material and immaterial stuff (Descartes and Plato).
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Descartes 6th Meditation
Substance Dualism Substance Dualism: there are two kinds of distinct substances, material and immaterial stuff (Descartes and Plato). Substance Monism: There is only one kind of substance but there might be a plurality of different sorts (Materialist and Berkeley’s Immaterialism) Substance Monism: There is only one kind and only one substance (Spinoza)
Property Dualism Property Dualism: There is one substance that has two distinct properties, material and immaterial.
Descartes The mind – it is indivisible The body – it is divisible “This would be sufficient to teach me that the mind or soul of man is entirely different from the body…” (172)
One Argument 1. All that I clearly and distinctly conceive can be produced by God exactly as I conceive it. 2. It is sufficient that I am able to clearly and distinctly to conceive one thing apart from another, in order to be certain that that the one is different from the other.
Argument 3. I know I exists. (I can see this clearly and distinctly.) 4. Nothing belongs to my nature or essence other than being a thinking thing. 5. Therefore, I can conceive clearly and distinctly, that I am distinct from my body and can exist separately.