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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. Kelli Cardenas Walsh Freedmen’s Bureau Records: http://www.freedmensbureau.com/ Three months among Reconstructionist http://alpha.furman.edu/~benson/docs/3months.htm http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/civilwar/freedmen/freedmen.html. Reconstruction.

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction Kelli Cardenas Walsh Freedmen’s Bureau Records: http://www.freedmensbureau.com/ Three months among Reconstructionist http://alpha.furman.edu/~benson/docs/3months.htm http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/civilwar/freedmen/freedmen.html

  2. Reconstruction What: Period of rebuilding after the Civil War Why: Physical, political, social, economic rebuilding When: 1865-1877 Who: Presidential, congressional

  3. Presidential Lincoln:“With Malice toward None…” 10 percent plan Establish new state governments in the South Abolish slavery • All southerners except for high-ranking Confederate army officers and government officials would be granted a full pardon • a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. • Voters could then elect delegates to draft revised state constitutions and establish new state governments

  4. Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction (Dec. 8, 1863) • Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the President "shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment;" and • Whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments of several States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and are now guilty of treason against the United States; and …

  5. Wade-Davis Bill • Required 50 % to swear loyalty • Lincoln’s pocket vetoes

  6. Johnson: Sought to empower the south’s white middle class –excluding wealthy planters from power allowed the former Confederate states to return quickly to the Union • disenfranchised all former military and civil officers of the Confederacy and all those who owned property worth $20,000 or more and made their estates liable to confiscation. • Former planter class had to seek personal pardon from Johnson

  7. Congressional • Radical Republican’s • Advocated abolition of slavery, citizenship for the former slaves and sweeping alteration of the south. Leaders: Sumner, Stevens

  8. Reconstruction Amendments • 13th: abolition of Slavery, 1865 • 14th: defines citizenship, due process, 1867 • 15th: extends suffrage to black males, 1870

  9. 5- Military Districts

  10. Freedman’s Bureau • Aka: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands • 1865-1872 • Est. more than 100 hospitals; • resettled more than 30,000 people; • and founded over 4,300 schools.

  11. African American’s elected to Important positions during Reconstruction • U.S. Senators Hiram R. Revels and Blanche K. Bruce of Mississippi • U.S. Representatives Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina and Jefferson Long of Georgia. • Lieutenant governors, Oscar J. Dunn (Louisiana); Richard Gleaves and Alonzo J. Ransier,(South Carolina); • P. B. S. Pinchback, acting governor of Louisiana; • Francis L. Cardozo, secretary of state and state treasurer of South Carolina; and • Jonathan Jasper Wright, an associate justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court. ***Most of them had college educations.

  12. Civil Rights Act • 1866 • Confers citizenship on African Americans and guarantees equal rights. • 1875 • Guarantees equal rights to African Americans in public accommodation's and jury service. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883.

  13. U.S. Grant • Elected 1868, re-elected 1872 • Generally seen as inefficient administrator • Did improve Civil Service • Did improve relations with Great Britain and Canada

  14. Southern Democratic Response to Reconstruction • Violence • Rise of the Klu Klux Klan • Sought to intimidate blacks, Republican voters, immigrants

  15. Compromise of 1877 • Name given to the disputed presidential election of 1876; it gave the presidency to the Republicans and made concessions to southern democrats • Hayes V. Tilden • Removal of federal military districts

  16. Reconstruction Political Plans The Freedman New Laws Compromise of 1877

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