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Unification Movements in Europe

Unification Movements in Europe. Nationalism . Nationalism is loyalty to the nation above the king/queen Nationalists wanted their own independent government (state) and started revolutions to get their independence

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Unification Movements in Europe

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  1. Unification Movements in Europe

  2. Nationalism • Nationalism is loyalty to the nation above the king/queen • Nationalists wanted their own independent government (state) and started revolutions to get their independence • 3 Multinational empires (empires with many “nations”): Austro-Hungarian, Russian, Ottoman

  3. Italy: Cavour Unites Italy • 1815-1848- growing feeling among Italians that they didn’t want a foreign leader anymore • 1832 Giuseppe Mazzini organized the group Young Italy but driven into exile in 1848 after failed revolution • Sardinia’s count Camillodi Cavour wanted to expand Sardinia’s power but managed to unite Italy

  4. Garibaldi Unites Southern Italy • Giuseppe Garibaldi- 1860- Red Shirts- leader of Italian Nationalists in the South united Italy but made a deal with Cavour so that Cavour would rule • 1866 Venetia added • 1870 papal states added

  5. Germany: The Rise of Prussia • Since 1815 39 German states in German Confederation with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Prussia as the largest states • Prussia’s advantages: ethnically unified (German), strong military, industrialized faster

  6. Otto von Bismarck and Realpolitik • Bismarck – prime minister of Prussia- violated the constitution and began expanding Prussia’s borders • Used realpolitik, the politics of reality • 1864 forged an alliance between Prussia and Austria and went to war with Denmark • 1866 Austria declared war on Prussia (7 weeks war) but lost • 1867 North German Confederation

  7. Bismarck Unites Germany • Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 • Bismarck begins a war against the French just so he can get the southern Germans to join him • Prussians win against the French and Germany united • 1871 King Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned Kaiser • 1871: Great Britain and Germany most powerful states in Europe

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