The Big Ideas

2. The Big Ideas • Bureaucracy is inevitable. • Bureaucrats do the work of the government, so in an important sense the government is whatever the bureaucrats do. • Bureaucracy has conflicting responsibilities: “The bureaucracy is expected simultaneously to respond to the direction of partisan officials and to administer programs fairly and competently.” • The president, Congress, and the courts have differing abilities to bend the bureaucracy to their wills, and bureaucrats are able to achieve power in their own right: autonomy within limits. • Bureaucrats have their own viewsof how things should be: agency perspective [political culture of the agency]. • Public administration is political administration: Agency politics is inevitable.

3. Forest Service Mission 16 USC § 551. Protection of national forests; rules and regulations: “The Secretary of Agriculture shall make provisions for the protection against destruction by fire and depredations upon the public forests and national forests which may have been set aside . . . and he may make such rules and regulations and establish such service as will insure the objects of such reservations, namely, to regulate their occupancy and use and to preserve the forests thereon from destruction.”

4. Source: U.S. Government Manual: 2008-09 -- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/gmanual/browse-gm-08.html

5. Source: U.S. Government Manualhttp://www.gpoaccess.gov/

6. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

7. Regions of the U.S. Forest Service

8. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

9. Regions of the U.S. Forest Service

10. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

11. U.S.F.S Region One

12. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

13. Lewis & Clark National Forest

14. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

15. Resources Committees http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/index.php http://energy.senate.gov/public/

16. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

17. Interested Groups (Iron Triangle)

18. Interested Groups (Issue Network)

19. Who Controls the Bureaucracy? And How? • The President • Congress • The Courts • The Bureaucrats Themselves

20. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

21. Source: Thomas C. Cronin & Michael A. Genovese: Paradoxes of the American Presidency (2004), p. 145

22. Congress Congressional Committees Interest Groups

23. The Courts Congressional Committees Interest Groups

24. Congressional Committees Interest Groups

25. Fiscal v. Monetary Policy • What? • Who Governs? • How Used? • Relative Advantages of Each • System Bias

26. “By 1960 our national debt stood at $284 billion. ... Today the debt is $934 billion. ... We can leave our children with an unrepayable massive debt and a shattered economy.” -- President Reagan 2/5/81

28. Today’ National Debt http://zfacts.com/p/461.html