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PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT. The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. . PRESENT PERFECT FORM. The past participle of a regular verb is base +ed ,

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PRESENT PERFECT

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  1. PRESENT PERFECT

  2. The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. PRESENT PERFECT FORM

  3. The past participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs .

  4. Affirmative Subjecttohavepastparticiple She has visited

  5. Subjecttohave + notpastparticiple • Shehasn'tvisited

  6. Interrogative tohavesubjectpastparticiple Has shevisited..?

  7. Interrogativenegative tohave + notsubjectpastparticiple • Hasn'tshevisited...?

  8. It is a combination of past and present. An actions in the past has something to do with the present. Present Perfect - Use

  9. Present Perfect We use the Present Perfect for actions in the past which have a connection to the present. The time whentheseactionshappenedisnotimportant.

  10. We use the Present Perfect for recently completed actions.

  11. We use the Present Perfect for actions beginning in the past and still continuing.

  12. 1) Result of an action in the past is important in the present (It is not important when this action happened. When we use a specific time in the past - e.g. yesterday - then we use the Simple Past.) • I have cleaned my room. (It is clean now.)

  13. Has Peggy ever been to Tokyo? (Has Peggy been there or not?)

  14. 2) Recently completed actions • He has just played handball. (Itisovernow.)

  15. Actions beginning in the past and still continuing - mostly with since (point of time) or for (period of time) • We have lived in Canada since 1986. (We still live there.)

  16. 4) together with lately, recently, yet • I have been to London recently. (no specific point of time)

  17. He has not written the e-mail yet. (He has not done it.)

  18. Example:towalk, presentperfect • Affirmative Ihavewalked Youhavewalked He, she, it has walked Wehavewalked Youhavewalked Theyhavewalked

  19. Negative I haven'twalked Youhaven'twalked He, she, it hasn't walked Wehaven'twalked Youhaven'twalked Theyhaven'twalked

  20. Interrogative • Have I walked? • Haveyouwalked? • Has he,she,it walked • Havewewalked? • Haveyouwalked? • Havetheywalked?

  21. Add -ed with regular verbs. • regular verbs • infinitive + -ed Present Perfect - Spelling

  22. Sometimes the are exceptions in spelling when adding -ed. 1) consonant after a short, stressed vowel at the end of the word stop – stopped swap – swapped

  23. We do not double the consonant if it is not stressed:benefit - benefited (Here we stress the first 'e', not the 'i'.) • In Britsh English we double one -l at the end of the word:travel - travelled

  24. 2) one -e at the end of the word Leave out the -e. Add -d. love – loved save – saved

  25. 3) verbs ending in –y Verbs ending in 'y' preceded by a vowel (a, e, i, o, u):Add -ed. play - played Change 'y' to 'i' after a consonant. Thenadd -ed.worry - worried

  26. You have to know all forms of the irregular verbs very well. For the Present Perfect you need the form of the verb which can be found in the 3rd column of the table of the irregular verbs. • go - went - gone

  27. 1) have as a full verb • affirmativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have had a book. • he, she, it: • He has had a book. Special verbs in the Present Perfect

  28. negativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have not had a book. • he, she, it: • He has not had a book.

  29. question • I, we, you, they: • Have I had a book? • he, she, it: • Has he had a book?

  30. 2) be as a full verb • affirmativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have been to Britain. • he, she, it: • He has been to Britain.

  31. negativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have not been to Britain. • he, she, it: • He has not been to Britain.

  32. question • I, we, you, they: • Have I been to Britain? • he, she, it: • Has he been to Britain?

  33. 3) do as a full verb • affirmativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have done an exercise. • he, she, it: • He has done an exercise.

  34. negativesentence • I, we, you, they: • I have not done an exercise. • he, she, it: • He has not done an exercise.

  35. question • I, we, you, they: • Have I done an exercise? • he, she, it: • Has he done an exercise?

  36. Long forms and short forms in the Present Perfect • We often use short forms of the auxiliaries. The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary have. So short forms are used frequently with the Present Perfect.

  37. Affirmativelongform I, we, you, they: I havegone he, she, it: he has gone

  38. Affirmative short form I, we, you, they: I'vegone he, she, it: he'sgone

  39. negative (havenot)longform I, we, you, they: I havenotgone he, she, it: he has notgone

  40. short form I, we, you, they: I haven't gone or I've not gone he, she, it: he hasn't gone or he's not gone

  41. EXERCISES 1

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