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Excretory System

Explore the excretory system's role in getting rid of waste and maintaining water balance in the body. Learn about nitrogenous wastes, excretory processes, the structure and function of the kidneys, nephron pathways, urine formation, and thermoregulation.

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Excretory System

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  1. Excretory System Getting Rid of Waste

  2. Water Balance in Humans

  3. Osmoregulation • Control of how much water is in body • Water is gained by… • Water lost by…

  4. Excretory Systems… • Dispose of metabolic wastes through a membrane and regulate body fluid composition • Rely on a system of tubes in close contact with the circulatory system • Undigested food is eliminated, not excreted

  5. Nitrogenous Wastes • Ammonia • Urea • Uric acid

  6. Excretory Processes • Initial fluid collection involves filtration across a selectively permeable membrane. • Valuable solutes are selectively reabsorbed via active transport. • Wastes can be actively secreted into the filtrate. • The filtrate is excreted from the body.

  7. Kidneys

  8. Kidneys • Two bean-shaped kidneys located in the lower back • Filter blood and excrete nitrogenous waste (urea), salt, water, and other dissolved substances

  9. Parts of the Kidney • Renal cortex • Renal medulla • Renal pelvis

  10. Parts of the Kidney – Con’t • Renal Artery • Renal Vein • Nepron

  11. Parts of the Kidney – Con’t • Ureter • Urinary bladder • Urethra

  12. The Nephron

  13. Nephron Structure • Tiny tubules that are the functional unit of kidney

  14. Path of the Filtrate in the Nephron • Glomerus • Convoluted Excretory Tubule

  15. Nephron Function Filtration

  16. Nephron Function Reabsorption

  17. Types of Transport

  18. Nephron Function Secretion

  19. Formation of Urine • Osmosis causes 99% of water in the filtrate to be reabsorbed into the body • Osmolality

  20. Elimination of Urine • At least 500 mL of urine must be excreted each day to maintain homeostasis • A normal adult eliminates 1.5 - 2.3 L of urine each day

  21. Thermoregulation • The process of keeping the body at a constant temperature. • The temperature of the body is monitored by the hypothalmus. • Ectotherm – • Endotherm -

  22. Control of Conductance • Adjustment of Insulation: • Erection of hairs or feathers to increase thickness of the body surface covering. • Control of the blood flow to the body surface • Blood vessels can constrict to slow blood flow to a specific region

  23. Control of Conductance • Cold-climate homeotherms can allow their appendages to cool to reduce heat loss. • Countercurrent heat exchange occurs between warm out-flowing blood in arteries and cold in-flowing blood in veins.

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