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Coronary Heart Disease

Women and Coronary Heart Disease Romeo G. Bunag ,RN,BSN,CCRN. Coronary Heart Disease. Coronary heart disease is the number one killer of women in America.

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Coronary Heart Disease

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  1. Women and Coronary Heart Disease Romeo G. Bunag,RN,BSN,CCRN

  2. Coronary Heart Disease • Coronary heart disease is the number one killer of women in America. • Women’s knowledge and awareness does not correspond with its status as the number one killer of women in America.

  3. Risk Factors • Smoking • High cholesterol • Hypertension • Diabetes • Obesity • Sedentary behavior

  4. Risk Factors • Hyperthyroidism • Heredity • Depression • Alcohol • Menopause • Oral contraceptives TIP Identify and organize yourkey points

  5. Smoking • Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death among women in the United States. • The risk of coronary heart disease is 2 to 4 times higher among women who are heavy smokers than among women who do not smoke and light smokers have twice the risk.

  6. Smoking • After the cessation of smoking, the risk of coronary heart disease begins to decline within a matter of months and falls to the level of risk among nonsmokers within 3 to 5 years after cessation, regardless of the amount smoked, the duration of the habit, or the age at cessation.

  7. High Cholesterol • One way to help a woman appreciate her risk for coronary heart disease is to have her lipid profile checked. • For women, a low HDL level is a better predictor of risk for coronary heart disease than a high LDL level or total cholesterol levels. TIP Develop transitions orbridges between key points.

  8. Hypertension • Hypertension develops in women and men in similar rates, but because men die at an earlier age, elderly hypertensive women outnumber elderly hypertensive men. • There is no definitive data that hypertensive treatment in women is associated with similar beneficial cardiovascular effects as in men.

  9. Diabetes • Diabetes is an even stronger risk factor for women than in men. • Mortality rates for coronary heart disease are 3 to 7 times higher for diabetic women than among diabetic men.

  10. Obesity • Excess weight • Increases the strain on the heart • Raises blood pressure • Raises blood cholesterol levels • Raises triglyceride levels • Lowers HDL cholesterol levels

  11. Sedentary Behavior • Regular to moderate physical activity can help to prevent heart and blood vessel disease. • Aerobic exercise has been shown to raise HDL, lower LDL, lower heart rate and blood pressure, decrease body fat and increase muscle tissue.

  12. Hyperthyroidism • Several studies conducted during the past decade have implicated a link between hyperthyroidism and hypercholesterolemia. • Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been linked to increased oxidation of LDL.

  13. Heredity • Children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop it themselves. • Most people with a strong family history of heart disease have one or more other risk factors. • It is important to control any other risk factors because heredity cannot be controlled.

  14. Depression • Depression has been reported to directly or indirectly increase coronary heart disease risk and or response to coronary artery disease events. • No consensus exists regarding approaches to treating depression as a coronary risk reduction strategy.

  15. Alcohol • Heavy alcohol use increases the risk of death from cardiovascular causes. • Low to moderate daily consumption of alcohol provides protection against coronary heart disease in women. • As compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed 10 to 15g of alcohol per day had a 40% reduction in the risk of coronary disease.

  16. Menopause • Menopause is a sentinel event signaling the onset of escalated risk of coronary heart disease. • The elevation in coronary heart disease risk associated with menopause has been attributed to estrogen depletion.

  17. Oral Contraceptives • Older high-dose oral contraceptives increased the risk of coronary vascular disease. • Although few data has been collected on the safety of new low dose formulations. • Some recent case studies suggest that oral contraceptives containing lower doses of steroids may carry less risk of coronary heart disease.

  18. In Conclusion • There are many risk factors that women need to be aware of. • Knowledge is one of the keys to prevention. • By educating women we are giving them the information they need to achieve the maximum potential for daily living against coronary heart disease. TIP Close your presentation tomake a favorable, lastingimpression

  19. Thank You Happy Holidays TIP Remember to PLAN /PREPARE / PRACTICE /PRESENT

  20. REFERENCES • CoronaryDisease  - ... Estrogen Slows Development of Atherosclerosis in Womenhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronarydisease.html. • HeartDisease & Women: Smokinghttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/other/hdw_smk.htm. • Tierney, L.m., Mcphee, S.J., Papadakis, M.A. (2002) Current Medical diagnosis and Treatment. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill, NY. • Women and heartdisease. http://heartdisease.about.com/ mlibrary.htm • www.hoslink.com/LabResults/ endocrineresults.htm.

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