Coronary Heart Disease

1. Coronary Heart Disease Student Pd 8 Mr. Valdez

2. Historical Data • Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women. More than 15 million people have some form of the condition. • Men in their 40s have a higher risk of coronary heart disease than women. As women get older, their risk increases to where it is almost equal to men's’ risks.

3. Pathology • Coronary heart disease is usually caused by a condition called atherosclerosis. It occurs when fatty material and plaque builds up on the walls of your arteries. This causes them to get narrow. • As the coronary arteries narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack, and other symptoms.

4. Causes • The following factors increase your risk of coronary heart disease: • Diabetes • High blood pressure • High LDL "bad" cholesterol • Low HDL "good" cholesterol • Menopause • Not getting enough physical activity or exercise • Obesity • Smoking

5. Symptoms • Chest pain or discomfort is the most common symptom. You feel this pain when the heart is not getting enough blood or oxygen. • There are two main types of chest pain: • Atypical chest pain -- often sharp and comes and goes. You can feel it in your left chest, abdomen, back, or arm. It is unrelated to exercise and not relieved by rest or a medicine called nitroglycerin. Atypical chest pain is more common in women. • Typical chest pain -- feels heavy or like someone is squeezing you. You feel it under your breast bone (sternum). The pain usually occurs with activity or emotion, and goes away with rest or a medicine called nitroglycerin. • Other symptoms include: • Shortness of breath • Heart attack -- in some cases, the first sign of CHD is a heart attack • Fatigue with activity (exertion)

6. Cures • Medications used to treat coronary heart disease include: • ACE inhibitors to lower blood pressure • Blood thinners to reduce your risk of blood clots • Beta-blockers to lower heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen use by the heart • Calcium channel blockers to relax arteries, lowering blood pressure and reducing strain on the heart • Diuretics to lower blood pressure • Nitrates (such as nitroglycerin) to stop chest pain and improve blood supply to the heart • Statins to lower cholesterol

7. Cures • Procedures to treat coronary heart disease are called percutaneous coronary interventions, or PCIs. Other types include: • Coronary atherectomy • Coronary radiation implant or coronary brachytherapy • Coronary brachytherapy delivers radiation into the coronary arteries. This treatment is only for patients who have had a stent-related problems. • Surgeries used to treat CHD include: • Coronary artery bypass surgery • Minimally invasive heart surgery

8. Cures • Lifestyle changes are important. • Reduce the amount of salt you eat • Eat a heart healthy diet (low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and trans fat) • Get regular exercise and maintain a healthy weight • Keep your blood sugar strictly under control • Stop smoking!!!

10. Bibliography: • Slide2: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 3: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 4: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 5: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 6: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 7: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 8: http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/coronary-heart-disease/overview.html • Slide 9: http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/01/health/adam/1056Heartsectionthroughthemiddle.html http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/01/health/adam/1097Heartfrontview.html