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Investigating nuclear threat. Bellona Foundation. Founded in 1986 Work areas: Climate and energy Norwegian environmental issues and polices Russian environmental issues Offices in Oslo, Murmansk, St Petersburg, Brussels, Washington D.C. Russian nuclear issues. Nuclear weapons industry
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Bellona Foundation • Founded in 1986 • Work areas: • Climate and energy • Norwegian environmental issues and polices • Russian environmental issues • Offices in Oslo, Murmansk, St Petersburg, Brussels, Washington D.C. Global Investigative Journalism
Russian nuclear issues • Nuclear weapons industry • Reprocessing • Nuclear power plants • Uranium mining and enrichment • Nuclear submarines, icebreakers, surface vessels • Research reactors Global Investigative Journalism
Russian nuclear issues Global Investigative Journalism
Russia’s nuclear map Global Investigative Journalism
Reactor grade plutonium: 30 tonnes Weapons grade plutonium: 100 tonnes Highly enriched uranium: 1200 tonnes Spent nuclear fuel: 20000 tonnes Solid waste: 177m tonnes Liquid waste: 500m cubic meters Nuclear legacy Global Investigative Journalism
Around 250 built (1955-2008) More than 200 taken out of service Around 120 submarines dismantled Nuclear submarines Global Investigative Journalism
Navy bases, ship yards, spent nuclear fuel, radioactive waste storage sites in Murmansk region Global Investigative Journalism
Andreyeva Bay: overview Губа Андреевахранилище ОЯТ и РАО Северного флотаСамый проблемный ядерно- и радиационно-опасный объект на Кольском п-веБолее 21000 ОТВС (3059 чехлов) находится в баках сухого хранения • Spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste storage facility on Kola • The most problematic nuclear waste site on the Kola Peninsula • Over 21,000 spent nuclear fuel rods Global Investigative Journalism
Containers with spent nuclear fuel assemblies Global Investigative Journalism
Solid radioactive waste storage conditions at the site Global Investigative Journalism
Spent nuclear fuel storage tanks Global Investigative Journalism
Fuel storage tank 2B Global Investigative Journalism
Inside fuel storage tank Global Investigative Journalism
Nuclear weapons centre Reprocessing Hundreds of tonnes of radwaste Release into water systems Mayak site Global Investigative Journalism
Disposal of radioactive products into River Techa Explosion in 1957 Distribution of radioactivity from Lake Karachai Mayak site Global Investigative Journalism
Bellona’s work in Russia Global Investigative Journalism
The Nikitin case - 1996 Global Investigative Journalism
The Nikitin case Global Investigative Journalism
The Nikitin case - 2000 Global Investigative Journalism
Kursk accident - 2000 Global Investigative Journalism
The Pasko case: 1997-2003 Global Investigative Journalism
K-159 - 2003 Global Investigative Journalism
Nuclear remediation funding Global Investigative Journalism
Future challenges • Lack of openness • Lack of effective management • Lack of funds • Weak NGO society Global Investigative Journalism